{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7167416911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44212-026-00108-z","title":"Geographical dispersion and transmission of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants in Hong Kong","display_name":"Geographical dispersion and transmission of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants in Hong Kong","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7167416911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44212-026-00108-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44212-026-00108-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44212-026-00108-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44212-026-00108-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387283136","display_name":"Urban Informatics","issn_l":"2731-6963","issn":["2731-6963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Urban Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44212-026-00108-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140090441","display_name":"Zoe Yi Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155976","display_name":"Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02mbz1h25","country_code":"HK","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zoe Yi Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong SAR, China","State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140078340","display_name":"Jinjin Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinjin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139790992","display_name":"Marcus H. H. Shum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155976","display_name":"Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02mbz1h25","country_code":"HK","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcus H. H. Shum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong SAR, China","State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140089639","display_name":"Haogao Gu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haogao Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100644664","display_name":"Wenzhong Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3886-7027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenzhong Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Otto Poon C. F. Smart Cities Research Institute and Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Otto Poon C. F. Smart Cities Research Institute and Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140082476","display_name":"Gilman K. H. Siu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilman K. H. Siu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140091436","display_name":"Leo L. M. Poon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100650","display_name":"Hong Kong Jockey Club","ror":"https://ror.org/015ygrv52","country_code":"HK","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100650"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108440","display_name":"Biology of Infection","ror":"https://ror.org/01x3ftb23","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I157536573","https://openalex.org/I4210098000","https://openalex.org/I4210108440"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142478","display_name":"HKU-Pasteur Research Pole","ror":"https://ror.org/03wwjjr94","country_code":"HK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142478"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["FR","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leo L. M. Poon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Immunology & Infection, Hong Kong SAR, China","HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, Hong Kong SAR, China","State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","The Hong Kong Jockey Club Global Health Institute, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Immunology & Infection, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108440"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142478","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong Jockey Club Global Health Institute, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129260730","display_name":"Joseph T. Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100650","display_name":"Hong Kong Jockey Club","ror":"https://ror.org/015ygrv52","country_code":"HK","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100650"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155976","display_name":"Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02mbz1h25","country_code":"HK","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph T. Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong SAR, China","State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","The Hong Kong Jockey Club Global Health Institute, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong Jockey Club Global Health Institute, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140081551","display_name":"Kathy S. M. Leung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100650","display_name":"Hong Kong Jockey Club","ror":"https://ror.org/015ygrv52","country_code":"HK","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100650"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155976","display_name":"Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02mbz1h25","country_code":"HK","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathy S. M. Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong SAR, China","State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","The Hong Kong Jockey Club Global Health Institute, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong Jockey Club Global Health Institute, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126272236","display_name":"Tommy T. Y. Lam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100650","display_name":"Hong Kong Jockey Club","ror":"https://ror.org/015ygrv52","country_code":"HK","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100650"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108440","display_name":"Biology of Infection","ror":"https://ror.org/01x3ftb23","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I157536573","https://openalex.org/I4210098000","https://openalex.org/I4210108440"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142478","display_name":"HKU-Pasteur Research Pole","ror":"https://ror.org/03wwjjr94","country_code":"HK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142478"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155976","display_name":"Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02mbz1h25","country_code":"HK","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["FR","HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tommy T. Y. Lam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Immunology & Infection, Hong Kong SAR, China","HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, Hong Kong SAR, China","Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong SAR, China","State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","The Hong Kong Jockey Club Global Health Institute, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Immunology & Infection, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108440"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142478","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong Jockey Club Global Health Institute, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5126272236"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100650","https://openalex.org/I4210108440","https://openalex.org/I4210142478","https://openalex.org/I4387155976","https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69987021,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9502999782562256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9502999782562256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.022099999710917473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.7657999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-dispersal","display_name":"Biological dispersal","score":0.6632000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outbreak","display_name":"Outbreak","score":0.5475999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-phylodynamics","display_name":"Viral phylodynamics","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/footprint","display_name":"Footprint","score":0.4603999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4593000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"Pandemic","score":0.4287000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-transmission","display_name":"Disease transmission","score":0.3343999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.7657999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6711999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47559259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778143","display_name":"Biological dispersal","level":3,"score":0.6632000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.5475999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21833749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7189431","display_name":"Viral phylodynamics","level":4,"score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.4603999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4593000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.4287000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992243407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q525512","display_name":"Disease transmission","level":2,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177562468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182893","display_name":"Dispersion (optics)","level":2,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76944698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204671","display_name":"Geographic mobility","level":3,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908974078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381481","display_name":"Airborne transmission","level":5,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.2540999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199733313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22856","display_name":"Population density","level":3,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44212-026-00108-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44212-026-00108-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44212-026-00108-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387283136","display_name":"Urban Informatics","issn_l":"2731-6963","issn":["2731-6963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Urban Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5fdff5d79b9d4ae29d9d3e75d997e52b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5fdff5d79b9d4ae29d9d3e75d997e52b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Urban Informatics, Vol 5, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44212-026-00108-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44212-026-00108-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44212-026-00108-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387283136","display_name":"Urban Informatics","issn_l":"2731-6963","issn":["2731-6963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Urban Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6349350810050964,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1110486507","display_name":"HKU Optimizing Protection and Effectiveness (HOPE) of COVID19 Vaccines","funder_award_id":"COVID1903011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335055","funder_display_name":"Health and Medical Research Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2503753333","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T11-705/21-N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335055","funder_display_name":"Health and Medical Research Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8137517310","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COVID1903011-WP1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335055","funder_display_name":"Health and Medical Research Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321920","display_name":"Innovation and Technology Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/04vf9tr09"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335055","display_name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/03qh32912"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7167416911.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7167416911.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088267428","https://openalex.org/W2139166200","https://openalex.org/W2160378127","https://openalex.org/W2341341327","https://openalex.org/W2807308836","https://openalex.org/W3013594674","https://openalex.org/W3032426844","https://openalex.org/W3128167862","https://openalex.org/W3161607253","https://openalex.org/W3172456084","https://openalex.org/W3194725275","https://openalex.org/W4205214605","https://openalex.org/W4210840687","https://openalex.org/W4214851582","https://openalex.org/W4220752114","https://openalex.org/W4282587588","https://openalex.org/W4283367564","https://openalex.org/W4290189838","https://openalex.org/W4296046613","https://openalex.org/W4297500784","https://openalex.org/W4316040380","https://openalex.org/W4317209210","https://openalex.org/W4379615702","https://openalex.org/W4381598587","https://openalex.org/W4385639021","https://openalex.org/W4388883871","https://openalex.org/W4407935966","https://openalex.org/W4409191179"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,187],"urban":[2,88,100,209,239],"system":[3],"is":[4],"believed":[5],"to":[6,54,83,107,118,128],"play":[7],"a":[8,225],"role":[9],"in":[10,19,120,160,232,237],"transmission":[11,47,61,75,94,183,215],"of":[12,31,46,87,112,142,197],"human":[13,143],"respiratory":[14],"disease":[15],"such":[16,57],"as":[17,58,192],"COVID-19":[18,32],"densely":[20],"populated":[21],"cities.":[22],"Hong":[23,121],"Kong":[24],"experienced":[25],"five":[26,119],"significant":[27],"local":[28,69],"infection":[29],"waves":[30,116,157],"during":[33],"2020\u20132022,":[34],"caused":[35],"by":[36,95],"different":[37],"SARS-CoV-2":[38,93,113],"variants.":[39],"Viral":[40],"genomic":[41,97],"data":[42,102,211],"capture":[43],"the":[44,85,109,140],"footprint":[45],"history,":[48],"offering":[49],"insights":[50],"that":[51,153,203],"are":[52],"invisible":[53],"incidence":[55],"data,":[56],"resolving":[59],"fine-scale":[60],"chains,":[62],"distinguishing":[63],"between":[64],"multiple":[65],"independent":[66],"introductions":[67],"and":[68,72,90,99,138,145,169,175,194,208,217],"superspreading":[70],"events,":[71],"revealing":[73],"cryptic":[74],"links.":[76],"Building":[77],"on":[78,92,148],"this,":[79],"our":[80],"study":[81],"aimed":[82],"investigate":[84],"impact":[86,141],"demography":[89],"connectivity":[91],"integrating":[96],"surveillance":[98],"mobility":[101,210],"into":[103],"Bayesian":[104],"phylodynamics":[105],"analysis":[106],"examine":[108],"spatiotemporal":[110],"spread":[111,231],"across":[114],"epidemic":[115],"three":[117,155],"Kong.":[122],"Using":[123],"1,725":[124],"viral":[125],"genomes":[126],"linked":[127],"their":[129],"patients\u2019":[130],"residential":[131],"addresses,":[132],"we":[133],"reconstructed":[134],"variant-specific":[135],"dispersal":[136],"patterns":[137],"quantified":[139],"demographic":[144],"behavioral":[146],"factors":[147],"inter-district":[149],"transmission.":[150],"Results":[151],"revealed":[152],"these":[154],"outbreak":[156,235],"initially":[158],"concentrated":[159],"high-density":[161,238],"districts,":[162],"Wong":[163],"Tai":[164],"Sin,":[165],"Yau":[166],"Tsim":[167],"Mong,":[168],"Kwai":[170],"Tsing,":[171],"respectively.":[172],"Population":[173],"density":[174],"Mass":[176],"Transit":[177],"Railway":[178],"(MTR)":[179],"usage":[180],"consistently":[181],"predicted":[182],"rates":[184],"among":[185],"districts.":[186],"early":[188],"seeding":[189],"districts":[190],"acted":[191],"epicenters":[193],"main":[195],"exporters":[196],"regional":[198],"spread.":[199],"These":[200],"findings":[201],"demonstrated":[202],"synthesizing":[204],"pathogen":[205,230],"genomic,":[206],"spatial,":[207],"can":[212],"effectively":[213],"identify":[214],"hotspots":[216],"optimize":[218],"targeted":[219],"interventions.":[220],"This":[221],"inter-disciplinary":[222],"approach":[223],"provides":[224],"multi-data-source":[226],"framework":[227],"for":[228],"monitoring":[229],"cities,":[233],"improving":[234],"response":[236],"environments.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-22T07:34:49.880490","created_date":"2026-07-06T00:00:00"}
