{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7151252471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-026-01224-z","title":"Leveraging Machine Learning To Discover Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers for Breast Cancer","display_name":"Leveraging Machine Learning To Discover Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers for Breast Cancer","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7151252471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-026-01224-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-026-01224-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-026-01224-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-026-01224-z","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133148074","display_name":"Xin Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104616","display_name":"Taizhou Municipal Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/027gw7s27","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104616"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062018403","display_name":"Wenyang Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2248-4857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104616","display_name":"Taizhou Municipal Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/027gw7s27","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104616"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyang Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104616"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057881267","display_name":"Yuanfan Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104616","display_name":"Taizhou Municipal Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/027gw7s27","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104616"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuanfan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104616"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057881267"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104616"],"apc_list":{"value":1390,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1704},"apc_paid":{"value":1390,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1704},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39073207,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12030","display_name":"S100 Proteins and Annexins","score":0.25679999589920044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12030","display_name":"S100 Proteins and Annexins","score":0.25679999589920044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.11169999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.07680000364780426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"Breast cancer","score":0.7849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5593000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.4986000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.4747999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carcinogenesis","display_name":"Carcinogenesis","score":0.46630001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.43939998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.4343000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-standard","display_name":"Gold standard (test)","score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymerase-chain-reaction","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","score":0.33739998936653137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.7849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6212999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5593000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.527400016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.4986000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4747999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555283112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637543","display_name":"Carcinogenesis","level":3,"score":0.46630001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43939998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4375999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.4343000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.36329999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3612000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40993552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514654","display_name":"Gold standard (test)","level":2,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49105822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124535831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915074","display_name":"Biomarker discovery","level":4,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18431079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502169","display_name":"Gene expression profiling","level":4,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179786068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16257937","display_name":"Molecular diagnostics","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777002142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5031432","display_name":"Cancer biomarkers","level":3,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781230642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492646","display_name":"Targeted therapy","level":3,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779880527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4959796","display_name":"Breast disease","level":4,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-026-01224-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-026-01224-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a9bd33f90b2041a09c041c0b0712e86b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a9bd33f90b2041a09c041c0b0712e86b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, Vol 19, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-026-01224-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-026-01224-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8283873200416565,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2567947578","https://openalex.org/W2893677817","https://openalex.org/W2900898778","https://openalex.org/W2935703330","https://openalex.org/W2991564522","https://openalex.org/W2991895141","https://openalex.org/W2995167300","https://openalex.org/W3002523753","https://openalex.org/W3006429129","https://openalex.org/W3018558025","https://openalex.org/W3022501647","https://openalex.org/W3029921404","https://openalex.org/W3035321842","https://openalex.org/W3116501810","https://openalex.org/W3122047687","https://openalex.org/W3159942885","https://openalex.org/W3170013829","https://openalex.org/W3188405687","https://openalex.org/W3197868832","https://openalex.org/W4226264164","https://openalex.org/W4229446553","https://openalex.org/W4295565807","https://openalex.org/W4303946024","https://openalex.org/W4306411368","https://openalex.org/W4306768310","https://openalex.org/W4307871558","https://openalex.org/W4327735947","https://openalex.org/W4392763288","https://openalex.org/W4394813375","https://openalex.org/W4411335167"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Breast":[0],"cancer":[1,72,157,185,204],"is":[2],"still":[3],"the":[4,62,76,90,122,153],"most":[5],"significant":[6],"contributor":[7],"to":[8,40,66,133,147,198],"morbidity":[9],"and":[10,20,30,48,87,117,141,170,182,187,202],"mortality":[11],"among":[12],"women":[13],"in":[14,18,75,152,192],"China.":[15],"Despite":[16],"advances":[17],"imaging":[19],"molecular":[21,177],"testing,":[22],"few":[23],"reliable":[24],"biomarkers":[25,178],"exist":[26],"for":[27,179],"early":[28,181],"detection":[29,200],"disease":[31],"characterization.":[32],"The":[33],"identification":[34],"of":[35,155],"new":[36],"marker":[37],"genes":[38,86,93,107,126,144],"related":[39],"breast":[41,71,156,184],"carcinogenesis":[42],"could":[43,188],"greatly":[44],"improve":[45,199],"diagnostic":[46,137],"accuracy,":[47],"potentially":[49],"influence":[50],"treatment":[51],"decisions.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54],"study,":[55],"machine":[56,96],"learning":[57,97],"algorithms":[58],"were":[59,131,145],"implemented":[60],"using":[61,94],"R":[63],"programming":[64],"environment":[65],"evaluate":[67],"three":[68],"publicly":[69],"available":[70],"datasets":[73],"included":[74],"Gene":[77],"Expression":[78],"Omnibus":[79],"(GEO)":[80],"database.":[81],"We":[82],"screened":[83],"differentially":[84],"expressed":[85],"then":[88],"selected":[89],"best":[91],"feature":[92,99],"a":[95],"cased":[98],"selection":[100],"model.":[101],"Finally,":[102],"we":[103,130],"experimentally":[104],"validated":[105],"these":[106],"by":[108],"performing":[109],"quantitative":[110],"polymerase":[111],"chain":[112],"reaction":[113],"(qPCR),":[114],"Western":[115],"blots,":[116],"immunohistochemistry":[118],"(IHC).":[119],"By":[120],"intersecting":[121],"top":[123],"10":[124],"signature":[125],"from":[127],"each":[128],"dataset,":[129],"able":[132],"identify":[134],"two":[135],"consistently":[136],"gene":[138],"candidates;":[139],"S100P":[140,169],"COL10A1.":[142],"Both":[143],"discovered":[146],"exhibit":[148],"significantly":[149],"greater":[150],"expression":[151],"tissues":[154],"vs.":[158],"normal":[159],"controls,":[160],"across":[161],"all":[162],"experimental":[163],"validation.":[164],"Our":[165],"results":[166],"suggest":[167],"that":[168],"COL10A1":[171],"may":[172],"be":[173,189],"appropriate":[174],"as":[175],"adjunct":[176],"improved":[180],"accurate":[183],"diagnosis":[186],"especially":[190],"helpful":[191],"cases":[193],"with":[194],"indeterminate":[195],"morphological":[196],"features":[197],"rates":[201],"decrease":[203],"related.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-28T06:04:28.489925","created_date":"2026-04-08T00:00:00"}