{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7132848225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-026-01204-3","title":"Improving Predictive Performance in Telecom Churn Modeling with Hybrid SMOTE and GAN-Based Synthetic Data Generation","display_name":"Improving Predictive Performance in Telecom Churn Modeling with Hybrid SMOTE and GAN-Based Synthetic Data Generation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7132848225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-026-01204-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-026-01204-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-026-01204-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-026-01204-3","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127710707","display_name":"Renuka Agrawal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I244572783","display_name":"Symbiosis International University","ror":"https://ror.org/005r2ww51","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Renuka Agrawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014474560","display_name":"Safa Hamdare","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5562-5400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Safa Hamdare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottinghamshire, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottinghamshire, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127656426","display_name":"Divyanshu Ghosh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I244572783","display_name":"Symbiosis International University","ror":"https://ror.org/005r2ww51","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Divyanshu Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127636504","display_name":"Kaustubh Ghenand","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I244572783","display_name":"Symbiosis International University","ror":"https://ror.org/005r2ww51","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaustubh Ghenand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126382787","display_name":"Tawishi Gupta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I244572783","display_name":"Symbiosis International University","ror":"https://ror.org/005r2ww51","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tawishi Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127560717","display_name":"Prisha Patel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I244572783","display_name":"Symbiosis International University","ror":"https://ror.org/005r2ww51","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prisha Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127623316","display_name":"Sakshi Chauhan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I244572783","display_name":"Symbiosis International University","ror":"https://ror.org/005r2ww51","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sakshi Chauhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127695092","display_name":"Sanika Upasani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I244572783","display_name":"Symbiosis International University","ror":"https://ror.org/005r2ww51","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanika Upasani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127622819","display_name":"Pratyush Agrawal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I244572783","display_name":"Symbiosis International University","ror":"https://ror.org/005r2ww51","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pratyush Agrawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5127710707"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"],"apc_list":{"value":1390,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1704},"apc_paid":{"value":1390,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1704},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49660904,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12384","display_name":"Customer churn and segmentation","score":0.5817999839782715,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12384","display_name":"Customer churn and segmentation","score":0.5817999839782715,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13918","display_name":"Advanced Data and IoT Technologies","score":0.05400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.03139999881386757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oversampling","display_name":"Oversampling","score":0.7078999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6787999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6233999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.586899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.5857999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.49219998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-data","display_name":"Synthetic data","score":0.48069998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.42879998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.35420000553131104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8136000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197323446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331222","display_name":"Oversampling","level":3,"score":0.7078999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6787999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6233999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6123999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.586899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5857999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.510200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4927000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.49219998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.48069998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42879998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.35420000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.3393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777115002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7168246","display_name":"Performance prediction","level":2,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98825075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485643","display_name":"Customer relationship management","level":2,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780440489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227278","display_name":"Data-driven","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-026-01204-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-026-01204-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:67ee8a669e6b476182716c992086bf03","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/67ee8a669e6b476182716c992086bf03","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, Vol 19, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-026-01204-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-026-01204-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989049108","https://openalex.org/W2016577148","https://openalex.org/W2078704831","https://openalex.org/W2793003883","https://openalex.org/W2939289155","https://openalex.org/W2943920414","https://openalex.org/W3130989307","https://openalex.org/W3190520168","https://openalex.org/W4210345259","https://openalex.org/W4214736071","https://openalex.org/W4310988130","https://openalex.org/W4385626359","https://openalex.org/W4396982377","https://openalex.org/W4399440180","https://openalex.org/W4401033063","https://openalex.org/W4403416011","https://openalex.org/W4404740809","https://openalex.org/W4406808220","https://openalex.org/W4408519085","https://openalex.org/W4409180499","https://openalex.org/W4411122840","https://openalex.org/W4411212450","https://openalex.org/W4414428470","https://openalex.org/W4414619509"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Customer":[0],"churn":[1,46,159],"prediction":[2,47],"remains":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,123],"the":[6,11,55,79,116,120,162],"most":[7],"significant":[8],"challenges":[9],"in":[10,95,161],"telecommunications":[12],"industry,":[13],"where":[14],"retaining":[15],"existing":[16],"customers":[17],"is":[18],"more":[19,142],"cost-effective":[20],"than":[21],"acquiring":[22],"new":[23],"ones.":[24],"This":[25,149],"study":[26],"proposes":[27],"a":[28,152],"hybrid":[29,105],"data":[30,53],"augmentation":[31],"framework":[32,150],"integrating":[33],"Synthetic":[34],"Minority":[35],"Oversampling":[36],"Technique":[37],"(SMOTE)":[38],"and":[39,72,75,81,100,131,137,144,154],"Generative":[40],"Adversarial":[41],"Networks":[42],"(GAN)":[43],"to":[44,98],"enhance":[45],"performance":[48,113],"by":[49],"generating":[50],"high-fidelity":[51],"synthetic":[52],"for":[54,157],"minority":[56],"class.":[57],"Six":[58],"machine":[59,85],"learning":[60,86],"algorithms\u2014Logistic":[61],"Regression":[62],"(LR),":[63],"Decision":[64],"Tree":[65],"(DT),":[66],"Random":[67],"Forest":[68],"(RF),":[69],"XGBoost,":[70],"CatBoost,":[71],"LightGBM\u2014are":[73],"implemented":[74],"evaluated":[76],"on":[77],"both":[78],"original":[80],"augmented":[82],"datasets.":[83],"Traditional":[84],"(ML)":[87],"models":[88],"often":[89],"struggle":[90],"with":[91,115],"class":[92,135],"imbalance,":[93],"resulting":[94],"reduced":[96],"sensitivity":[97],"churners":[99],"lower":[101],"overall":[102],"accuracy.":[103],"The":[104,125],"SMOTE-GAN":[106],"approach":[107],"yielded":[108],"substantial":[109],"improvements":[110],"across":[111],"all":[112],"metrics,":[114],"RF":[117],"model":[118,139],"achieving":[119],"highest":[121],"precision":[122],"85.36%.":[124],"results":[126],"confirm":[127],"that":[128],"combining":[129],"SMOTE":[130],"GAN":[132],"effectively":[133],"mitigates":[134],"imbalance":[136],"enhances":[138],"robustness,":[140],"enabling":[141],"accurate":[143],"actionable":[145],"customer":[146],"retention":[147],"strategies.":[148],"establishes":[151],"scalable":[153],"reliable":[155],"benchmark":[156],"data-driven":[158],"management":[160],"telecom":[163],"industry.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2026-03-01T00:00:00"}