{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128967086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-026-01171-9","title":"Skin Drug Delivery Recommendation via Hybrid Poisson\u2013Boltzmann Fermi Nernst Planck and Brinkman Framework","display_name":"Skin Drug Delivery Recommendation via Hybrid Poisson\u2013Boltzmann Fermi Nernst Planck and Brinkman Framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128967086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-026-01171-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-026-01171-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-026-01171-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-026-01171-9","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126047968","display_name":"Kailasa Thrishul","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kailasa Thrishul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Researcher, Frisco, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Researcher, Frisco, Texas, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126069686","display_name":"Selvaraju Sellamuthu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I882086362","display_name":"Wipro (Singapore)","ror":"https://ror.org/01hbz8t53","country_code":"SG","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090636","https://openalex.org/I882086362"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Selvaraju Sellamuthu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Application Architect (Data & AI), Wipro Limited, East Brunswick, New Jersey, 08816, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Application Architect (Data & AI), Wipro Limited, East Brunswick, New Jersey, 08816, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I882086362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126047948","display_name":"Sangeethapriya Subbu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117185","display_name":"National Centre for Coastal Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0236hye39","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117185"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangeethapriya Subbu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English , S.A Engineering College , Poonamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English , S.A Engineering College , Poonamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117185"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126055891","display_name":"B. Jaison","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154816","display_name":"R.M.D. Engineering College","ror":"https://ror.org/03gjktv92","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154816"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Jaison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, R.M.K. Engineering College, Kavaraipettai, Tamil Nadu, 601206, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, R.M.K. Engineering College, Kavaraipettai, Tamil Nadu, 601206, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126064434","display_name":"A. Ahilan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118826373","display_name":"Tirunelveli Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4srk95","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118826373"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Ahilan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, PSN College of Engineering and Technology, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 152, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, PSN College of Engineering and Technology, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 152, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118826373"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126051775","display_name":"M. Mohamed Sithik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330855593","display_name":"Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bc5bx80","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330855593"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Mohamed Sithik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330855593"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126067687","display_name":"L. Maceal Tony","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I906608882","display_name":"St Xavier\u2019s College","ror":"https://ror.org/039543c28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I906608882"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"L. Maceal Tony","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, St. Xavier\u2019s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, St. Xavier\u2019s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I906608882"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5126067687"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I906608882"],"apc_list":{"value":2090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2090},"apc_paid":{"value":2090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2090},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12181088,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10704","display_name":"Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery","score":0.9135000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10704","display_name":"Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery","score":0.9135000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11255","display_name":"Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies","score":0.01810000091791153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":0.010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transdermal","display_name":"Transdermal","score":0.6420999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-effect","display_name":"Skin effect","score":0.5386000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.4417000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-delivery","display_name":"Drug delivery","score":0.43389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penetration","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","score":0.39149999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.3822999894618988}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205679159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3375179","display_name":"Transdermal","level":2,"score":0.6420999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5544000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151482245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664150","display_name":"Skin effect","level":2,"score":0.5386000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.4417000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779820397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392806","display_name":"Drug delivery","level":2,"score":0.43389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80107235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162625","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","level":2,"score":0.39149999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.3822999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.37470000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.3610999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3596000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34529998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57528182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1271842","display_name":"Miniaturization","level":2,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183529106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1528394","display_name":"Iontophoresis","level":2,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23572009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964981","display_name":"Equivalent circuit","level":3,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43093850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917504","display_name":"Brinkman number","level":5,"score":0.2628999948501587}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-026-01171-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-026-01171-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:38e2a472d8534bfcb5c74b53579f54e8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/38e2a472d8534bfcb5c74b53579f54e8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, Vol 19, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-026-01171-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-026-01171-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7478027939796448,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3021936588","https://openalex.org/W3113123732","https://openalex.org/W3132260058","https://openalex.org/W3159091598","https://openalex.org/W3193594393","https://openalex.org/W3216501087","https://openalex.org/W4210747461","https://openalex.org/W4214763343","https://openalex.org/W4220827999","https://openalex.org/W4225288501","https://openalex.org/W4290091353","https://openalex.org/W4296952051","https://openalex.org/W4308054356","https://openalex.org/W4361007059","https://openalex.org/W4367394788","https://openalex.org/W4377700900","https://openalex.org/W4385658053","https://openalex.org/W4387896721","https://openalex.org/W4403596751"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transdermal":[0],"drug":[1,11,30,72,85,125,138,167],"delivery":[2,73],"(TDD)":[3],"offers":[4,209],"a":[5,38,49],"promising":[6],"non-invasive":[7],"alternative":[8],"for":[9,99],"controlled":[10],"management,":[12],"but":[13],"its":[14],"efficiency":[15],"is":[16,23,97,118],"limited":[17],"by":[18,36,163],"skin":[19,34,69,82,129,142],"barrier":[20],"properties.":[21],"Iontophoresis":[22],"an":[24,210],"external":[25],"augmentation":[26],"technique":[27],"that":[28,198],"increases":[29],"penetration":[31,126,139,186],"across":[32,140,192],"the":[33,64,128,151,153,177,215],"layers":[35,70],"delivering":[37],"moderate":[39],"electric":[40],"current":[41,180],"to":[42,62,80,103,120,136,150,213],"increase":[43],"transport":[44,86],"efficiency.":[45,87],"This":[46],"work":[47],"designed":[48],"novel":[50],"device-assisted":[51],"TDD":[52,221],"recommendation":[53],"framework":[54,175],"integrated":[55,119],"with":[56,202],"Equivalent-Spine-Leaf":[57],"Hybrid":[58,89],"Ladder":[59],"(E-SLHL)":[60],"circuit":[61,101,156,200],"evaluate":[63],"impedance":[65],"features":[66],"of":[67,144,179,220],"stratified":[68,141],"in":[71,184],"process.":[74],"The":[75,88,111,131,173],"electrical":[76],"parameters":[77,102],"are":[78,134],"measured":[79],"assess":[81],"sensitivity":[83],"and":[84,107,113,124,160,170,182,187,205,217],"Particle":[90],"Swarm":[91],"Ebola":[92],"Search":[93],"(PSES)":[94],"Optimisation":[95],"Algorithm":[96],"utilized":[98],"optimising":[100],"reduce":[104],"error":[105,190],"rates":[106],"improve":[108],"computational":[109],"efficacy.":[110],"Poisson\u2013Boltzmann\u2013Fermi\u2013Nernst\u2013Planck":[112],"Brinkman":[114],"flow":[115],"(PBFNPB)":[116],"model":[117,207],"calculate":[121,137],"electrotransport":[122],"flux":[123,171],"between":[127],"layers.":[130],"MATLAB":[132],"simulators":[133],"used":[135],"areas":[143],"15":[145],"different":[146],"body":[147,193],"sites.":[148],"According":[149],"results,":[152],"proposed":[154,174],"E-SLHL":[155,199],"outperforms":[157],"Montague,":[158],"CPE,":[159],"Tregear":[161],"circuits":[162],"more":[164],"accurately":[165],"identifying":[166],"retention,":[168],"impedance,":[169],"distribution.":[172],"emphasised":[176],"significance":[178],"density":[181],"frequency":[183],"maximising":[185],"dramatically":[188],"low":[189],"rate":[191],"regions.":[194],"These":[195],"results":[196],"demonstrate":[197],"combined":[201],"PSES":[203],"optimization":[204],"PBFNPB":[206],"dynamics":[208],"effective":[211],"method":[212],"enhancing":[214],"effectiveness":[216],"clinical":[218],"suitability":[219],"systems.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2026-02-16T00:00:00"}
