{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408571517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-025-00774-y","title":"A Novel Hybrid Method Using Grey Wolf Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm for IoT Botnet DDoS Attacks Detection","display_name":"A Novel Hybrid Method Using Grey Wolf Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm for IoT Botnet DDoS Attacks Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408571517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-025-00774-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-025-00774-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-025-00774-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-025-00774-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-025-00774-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5096365671","display_name":"Mahdieh Maazalahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4221-490X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115566878","display_name":"Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman","ror":"https://ror.org/04zn42r77","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115566878"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mahdieh Maazalahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115566878"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101415939","display_name":"Soodeh Hosseini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1495-3833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115566878","display_name":"Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman","ror":"https://ror.org/04zn42r77","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115566878"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Soodeh Hosseini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115566878"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5096365671","https://openalex.org/A5101415939"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115566878"],"apc_list":{"value":1390,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1704},"apc_paid":{"value":1390,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1704},"fwci":15.2479,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98972879,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botnet","display_name":"Botnet","score":0.9509975910186768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.8653031587600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7347142100334167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6363656520843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5204799175262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3960617780685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.35573798418045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2525399327278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.07649555802345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.059693992137908936}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22735295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317671","display_name":"Botnet","level":3,"score":0.9509975910186768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.8653031587600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7347142100334167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6363656520843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5204799175262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3960617780685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35573798418045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2525399327278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.07649555802345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.059693992137908936}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-025-00774-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-025-00774-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-025-00774-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c1b5644541dd447e8c102c68efbc778e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c1b5644541dd447e8c102c68efbc778e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-61 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-025-00774-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-025-00774-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-025-00774-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408571517.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2903133439","https://openalex.org/W2921069441","https://openalex.org/W2942060393","https://openalex.org/W2950458763","https://openalex.org/W2956839102","https://openalex.org/W2980038013","https://openalex.org/W2991210281","https://openalex.org/W2997271276","https://openalex.org/W3005097670","https://openalex.org/W3018943063","https://openalex.org/W3037851023","https://openalex.org/W3093621053","https://openalex.org/W3102091066","https://openalex.org/W3115407590","https://openalex.org/W3130190988","https://openalex.org/W3135751642","https://openalex.org/W3137665052","https://openalex.org/W3138839836","https://openalex.org/W3153386941","https://openalex.org/W3160668833","https://openalex.org/W3164495816","https://openalex.org/W3168997536","https://openalex.org/W3169367069","https://openalex.org/W3171158244","https://openalex.org/W3171908901","https://openalex.org/W3184914138","https://openalex.org/W3203644918","https://openalex.org/W4206300742","https://openalex.org/W4213361588","https://openalex.org/W4214697444","https://openalex.org/W4225114726","https://openalex.org/W4281648235","https://openalex.org/W4287026155","https://openalex.org/W4295127058","https://openalex.org/W4311779867","https://openalex.org/W4313594100","https://openalex.org/W4365816927","https://openalex.org/W4377030112","https://openalex.org/W4377691173","https://openalex.org/W4386997170","https://openalex.org/W4388765979","https://openalex.org/W4389981399","https://openalex.org/W4392246839","https://openalex.org/W4393028369","https://openalex.org/W4393336635","https://openalex.org/W4396654042","https://openalex.org/W4396856454","https://openalex.org/W4398161903","https://openalex.org/W4399509104","https://openalex.org/W4399557292","https://openalex.org/W4399896686","https://openalex.org/W4400235135","https://openalex.org/W4401121517","https://openalex.org/W4402223817","https://openalex.org/W4403211169","https://openalex.org/W4403528916","https://openalex.org/W4405962062","https://openalex.org/W6911299043"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294483539","https://openalex.org/W2378449000","https://openalex.org/W3187581118","https://openalex.org/W2938399969","https://openalex.org/W2616994865","https://openalex.org/W3143747655","https://openalex.org/W2002178493","https://openalex.org/W2901835651","https://openalex.org/W4230824443","https://openalex.org/W2292210693"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,232,267],"Internet":[1,35,66],"of":[2,9,65,83,98,207,265,269],"Things":[3],"(IoT)":[4],"is":[5,89,107,116,124,165,175,185,225],"a":[6,19,59,104,117,136,194,261],"vast":[7],"network":[8],"interconnected":[10],"physical":[11,21],"objects":[12],"that":[13,235],"has":[14,37],"improved":[15,24],"the":[16,27,40,47,63,81,96,121,129,132,150,162,182,188,201,205,216,222,228,236,241,246,254],"conditions":[17],"for":[18,140],"computer-based":[20],"world":[22],"and":[23,39,43,53,94,131,145,155,168,181,187,200,210,219,243,253,256],"efficiency.":[25],"With":[26],"increase":[28],"in":[29,31,46],"communication":[30],"an":[32,84],"IoT":[33,48,99],"system,":[34,120],"security":[36,97],"decreased,":[38],"most":[41],"dangerous":[42],"sophisticated":[44],"attacks":[45,57],"have":[49,259,271],"emerged,":[50],"i.e.,":[51],"DDoS":[52,56,112],"Botnet":[54],"attacks.":[55,113],"are":[58,191],"serious":[60],"threat":[61],"to":[62,91,109,126,197,220,250,277],"availability":[64],"services,":[67],"especially":[68],"since":[69],"botnets":[70],"can":[71],"now":[72],"be":[73],"launched":[74],"by":[75,177],"almost":[76],"anyone.":[77],"In":[78,101,159,215],"this":[79,102,160],"situation,":[80],"use":[82,206],"intrusion":[85],"detection":[86],"system":[87],"(IDS)":[88],"essential":[90],"detect":[92,110],"intruders":[93],"maintain":[95],"networks.":[100],"paper,":[103],"new":[105,118,137,195],"IDS":[106,115],"proposed":[108,217,237],"IoT-Botnet":[111],"This":[114],"three-phase":[119],"first":[122],"phase":[123,134,203],"related":[125],"preprocessing":[127],"on":[128,149],"dataset":[130],"second":[133],"includes":[135,204],"hybrid":[138],"method":[139,218,238],"feature":[141,173,242],"selection":[142,174],"using":[143,227],"filter":[144],"wrapper":[146],"methods":[147],"based":[148],"Grey":[151],"Wolf":[152],"(GW)":[153],"algorithm":[154],"genetics":[156],"called":[157],"GW-GA.":[158],"method,":[161],"initial":[163],"population":[164,196],"randomly":[166],"selected":[167],"then":[169],"at":[170],"each":[171],"stage,":[172],"done":[176],"both":[178,198],"algorithms":[179,199,212,258],"simultaneously":[180],"final":[183],"answer":[184],"compared":[186,249],"best":[189],"solutions":[190],"given":[192],"as":[193,213],"third":[202],"machine":[208],"learning":[209],"metaheuristic":[211],"classifiers.":[214],"verify":[221],"performance,":[223],"it":[224],"evaluated":[226],"large":[229],"BOT-IoT":[230,270],"dataset.":[231],"results":[233],"show":[234],"significantly":[239],"reduces":[240],"also":[244],"increases":[245],"classification":[247],"accuracy":[248,264],"other":[251],"methods,":[252],"RF":[255],"Bagging":[257],"achieved":[260],"maximum":[262],"recognition":[263],"0.999.":[266],"dimensions":[268],"been":[272],"reduced":[273],"from":[274],"46":[275],"features":[276],"12.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}