{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407172911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00730-2","title":"Optimized Novel Text Embedding Approach for Fake News Detection on Twitter X: Integrating Social Context, Temporal Dynamics, and Enhanced Interpretability","display_name":"Optimized Novel Text Embedding Approach for Fake News Detection on Twitter X: Integrating Social Context, Temporal Dynamics, and Enhanced Interpretability","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407172911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00730-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-024-00730-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00730-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-024-00730-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-024-00730-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105080647","display_name":"Mahmoud AlJamal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5389-6778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97864281","display_name":"Irbid National University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xfxvy87","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97864281"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud AlJamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cybersecurity, Science and Information Technology, Irbid National University, Irbid, 21110, Jordan","Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Prince Al-Hussien bin Abdullah for IT, The Hashemite University, PO Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cybersecurity, Science and Information Technology, Irbid National University, Irbid, 21110, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97864281"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Prince Al-Hussien bin Abdullah for IT, The Hashemite University, PO Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092027176","display_name":"Rabee Alquran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2992-5404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rabee Alquran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Prince Al-Hussien bin Abdullah for IT, The Hashemite University, PO Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Prince Al-Hussien bin Abdullah for IT, The Hashemite University, PO Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054700379","display_name":"Ayoub Alsarhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9075-2828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayoub Alsarhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Prince Al-Hussien bin Abdullah for IT, The Hashemite University, PO Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Prince Al-Hussien bin Abdullah for IT, The Hashemite University, PO Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015923093","display_name":"Mohammad Aljaidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9486-3533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153687341","display_name":"Zarqa University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wf1es90","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Aljaidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Information Technology, Zarqa University, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Information Technology, Zarqa University, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056720406","display_name":"Wafa\u2019 Q. Al-Jamal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112982808","display_name":"Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/020ast312","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112982808"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wafa\u2019 Q. Al-Jamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Nilai, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Nilai, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112982808"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114794137","display_name":"Ali Fayez Alkoradees","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali Fayez Alkoradees","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Scientific Research, Applied College, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Scientific Research, Applied College, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114794137"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"],"apc_list":{"value":2090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2090},"apc_paid":{"value":2090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2090},"fwci":50.4509,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9989636,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.9240537285804749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.6757520437240601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6633619070053101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6538946032524109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamics","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","score":0.6336919069290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6316888332366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-dynamics","display_name":"Social dynamics","score":0.4729694426059723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34950345754623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3257042169570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.22811520099639893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.14327219128608704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.10084143280982971}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.9240537285804749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.6757520437240601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6633619070053101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6538946032524109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.6336919069290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6316888332366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67469775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304922","display_name":"Social dynamics","level":2,"score":0.4729694426059723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34950345754623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3257042169570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.22811520099639893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.14327219128608704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10084143280982971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-024-00730-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00730-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-024-00730-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ca3a08a787284c4b85ada22cdef8de65","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ca3a08a787284c4b85ada22cdef8de65","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-36 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-024-00730-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00730-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-024-00730-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2058793769","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QU-APC-2024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324403","funder_display_name":"Qassim University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5120360896","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QU-APC-2024-9/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324403","funder_display_name":"Qassim University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324403","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407172911.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407172911.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2788841659","https://openalex.org/W2945594226","https://openalex.org/W2963999993","https://openalex.org/W3000409346","https://openalex.org/W3019443008","https://openalex.org/W3028571922","https://openalex.org/W3128412913","https://openalex.org/W3142376279","https://openalex.org/W3146613606","https://openalex.org/W3164304829","https://openalex.org/W3175693282","https://openalex.org/W3176714582","https://openalex.org/W3186661903","https://openalex.org/W3190937141","https://openalex.org/W3208624098","https://openalex.org/W3213432680","https://openalex.org/W4206257603","https://openalex.org/W4210819783","https://openalex.org/W4210963087","https://openalex.org/W4229084043","https://openalex.org/W4280524784","https://openalex.org/W4285351330","https://openalex.org/W4286751212","https://openalex.org/W4293100104","https://openalex.org/W4361006347","https://openalex.org/W4367674869","https://openalex.org/W4378420446","https://openalex.org/W4385441110","https://openalex.org/W4386249878","https://openalex.org/W4388524030","https://openalex.org/W4388673040","https://openalex.org/W4400066019","https://openalex.org/W4400974883"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312367291","https://openalex.org/W2583660717","https://openalex.org/W4393967740","https://openalex.org/W2901105794","https://openalex.org/W1671315843","https://openalex.org/W2389265911","https://openalex.org/W70734954","https://openalex.org/W4312634505","https://openalex.org/W4406098573","https://openalex.org/W601411050"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,54,71,88,109,130,139],"era":[2],"of":[3,80,90,97,133,141],"widespread":[4],"misinformation,":[5],"detecting":[6],"fake":[7,134],"news":[8],"has":[9],"become":[10],"a":[11,77,83,114,124],"crucial":[12],"challenge,":[13],"particularly":[14],"on":[15,147],"social":[16,44],"media":[17],"platforms.":[18],"This":[19,120],"paper":[20],"introduces":[21],"an":[22],"optimized":[23,92],"approach":[24,122],"for":[25,48,63,117],"Fake":[26],"News":[27],"Detection,":[28],"combining":[29],"BERT":[30],"and":[31,39,45,66,103,126,144],"GloVe":[32],"embeddings":[33],"with":[34],"Principal":[35],"Component":[36],"Analysis":[37],"(PCA)":[38],"attention":[40],"mechanisms,":[41],"enriched":[42],"by":[43],"temporal":[46],"features":[47],"more":[49],"effective":[50],"text":[51],"representation.":[52],"Leveraging":[53],"CIC":[55],"Truth":[56],"Seeker":[57],"Dataset":[58],"2023,":[59],"we":[60],"applied":[61],"SHAP":[62,104],"feature":[64],"selection":[65],"interpretability,":[67],"ensuring":[68],"transparency":[69],"in":[70],"model\u2019s":[72,110],"predictions.":[73],"Our":[74],"methodology":[75],"achieved":[76],"remarkable":[78],"accuracy":[79],"99.9%":[81],"using":[82],"Random":[84],"Forest":[85],"classifier,":[86],"showcasing":[87],"efficacy":[89],"this":[91],"hybrid":[93],"approach.":[94],"The":[95],"integration":[96],"interpretability":[98],"techniques":[99],"such":[100],"as":[101],"LIME":[102],"provides":[105],"deeper":[106],"insights":[107],"into":[108],"decisions,":[111],"making":[112],"it":[113],"reliable":[115],"tool":[116],"combating":[118],"misinformation.":[119],"novel":[121],"offers":[123],"robust":[125],"transparent":[127],"solution":[128],"to":[129,138],"growing":[131],"threat":[132],"news,":[135],"contributing":[136],"significantly":[137],"integrity":[140],"online":[142],"information":[143],"public":[145],"discourse":[146],"platforms":[148],"like":[149],"Twitter":[150],"X.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
