{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406614019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00729-9","title":"Real-Time Facial Expression Recognition Based on Image Processing in Virtual Reality","display_name":"Real-Time Facial Expression Recognition Based on Image Processing in Virtual Reality","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406614019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00729-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-024-00729-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00729-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-024-00729-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-024-00729-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021668424","display_name":"Qingzhen Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093349","display_name":"Jining Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00he9fz79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093349"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingzhen Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical and Electronic Information Engineering, Jining Normal University, Ulanqab, 012000, Inner Mongolia, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical and Electronic Information Engineering, Jining Normal University, Ulanqab, 012000, Inner Mongolia, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037060407","display_name":"Xuefang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100098","display_name":"Jingdezhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/012czx379","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuefang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Jingdezhen University, JingDeZhen, 333000, Jiangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Jingdezhen University, JingDeZhen, 333000, Jiangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100098"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101425591","display_name":"Yongqiang Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8450-0042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093349","display_name":"Jining Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00he9fz79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093349"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongqiang Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Big Data, Jining Normal University, Ulanqab, 012000, Inner Mongolia, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Big Data, Jining Normal University, Ulanqab, 012000, Inner Mongolia, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093349"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021668424"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093349"],"apc_list":{"value":1390,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1704},"apc_paid":{"value":1390,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1704},"fwci":15.203,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99127355,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13579","display_name":"Image and Video Stabilization","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6926618814468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression-recognition","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","score":0.6602014899253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.6256378293037415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.6106503009796143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5643186569213867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5229350328445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.516444206237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.49613484740257263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4691580533981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.39117154479026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3903133273124695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.35378289222717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.32479608058929443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6926618814468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987714656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","level":4,"score":0.6602014899253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6256378293037415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.6106503009796143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5643186569213867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5229350328445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.516444206237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49613484740257263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4691580533981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.39117154479026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3903133273124695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.35378289222717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.32479608058929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-024-00729-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00729-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-024-00729-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ad304a752ade46db95ce57368c0f2816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ad304a752ade46db95ce57368c0f2816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-024-00729-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00729-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-024-00729-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406614019.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406614019.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3006492943","https://openalex.org/W3013446504","https://openalex.org/W3013612439","https://openalex.org/W3015143539","https://openalex.org/W3021995521","https://openalex.org/W3035101080","https://openalex.org/W3081006209","https://openalex.org/W3085282084","https://openalex.org/W3089475900","https://openalex.org/W3100888081","https://openalex.org/W3118131804","https://openalex.org/W3119833370","https://openalex.org/W3120919215","https://openalex.org/W3130649343","https://openalex.org/W3134165013","https://openalex.org/W3135320369","https://openalex.org/W3153807302","https://openalex.org/W3157999215","https://openalex.org/W3158712146","https://openalex.org/W3179103990","https://openalex.org/W3186146740","https://openalex.org/W3194732124","https://openalex.org/W3206715694","https://openalex.org/W4205518925","https://openalex.org/W4212825797","https://openalex.org/W4306377337","https://openalex.org/W4309632780","https://openalex.org/W4376278471"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205986151","https://openalex.org/W2355913164","https://openalex.org/W2162992774","https://openalex.org/W1153638794","https://openalex.org/W2168968280","https://openalex.org/W2901126000","https://openalex.org/W4323520705","https://openalex.org/W2116055069","https://openalex.org/W2356663679","https://openalex.org/W3027190010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"More":[0,12],"virtual":[1,129,140],"reality":[2,130],"(VR)":[3,131],"scenarios":[4],"have":[5],"become":[6],"more":[7,14,34],"prevalent":[8],"in":[9,89,225],"recent":[10],"years.":[11],"and":[13,44,54,59,113,139,159,164,195],"people":[15],"are":[16,32,200],"getting":[17],"into":[18],"VR,":[19],"meaning":[20],"that":[21,149,161,189],"objective":[22],"physiological":[23],"measures":[24],"to":[25,50,58,69,104,202],"assess":[26],"a":[27,93,172],"user's":[28],"emotional":[29,37],"state":[30],"automatically":[31,162],"becoming":[33],"critical.":[35],"Individuals\u2019":[36],"states":[38],"impact":[39],"their":[40,76,90],"behaviour,":[41],"opinions,":[42],"emotions,":[43],"decisions.":[45],"They":[46],"may":[47],"be":[48],"used":[49],"analyze":[51],"VR":[52,65],"experiences":[53],"make":[55],"systems":[56],"react":[57],"engage":[60],"with":[61,99,210],"the":[62,119,146,175,178,183,186,193,198,204,207,213,217,221],"user\u2019s":[63],"emotions.":[64],"environments":[66],"require":[67],"users":[68],"wear":[70],"head-mounted":[71,179],"displays":[72],"(HMDs),":[73],"blocking":[74],"off":[75],"upper":[77],"faces.":[78,166],"That":[79],"makes":[80],"traditional":[81],"Facial":[82,122],"Expression":[83,123],"Recognition":[84,124],"(FER)":[85],"approaches":[86],"very":[87],"limited":[88],"usefulness.":[91],"Thus,":[92],"Deep":[94,120],"Learning":[95],"(DL)":[96],"solution":[97],"combined":[98],"image":[100],"processing":[101],"is":[102],"utilized":[103],"classify":[105],"universal":[106],"emotions:":[107],"sadness,":[108],"happiness,":[109],"disgust,":[110],"anger,":[111],"fear":[112],"surprise.":[114],"Hence,":[115],"this":[116],"paper":[117],"suggests":[118],"Automatic":[121],"Model":[125],"(DAFERM)":[126],"for":[127,155,232],"interactive":[128],"applications":[132],"such":[133],"as":[134],"intelligent":[135],"education,":[136],"social":[137],"networks,":[138],"training.":[141],"Two":[142],"main":[143],"parts":[144],"comprise":[145],"system:":[147],"one":[148],"uses":[150],"deep":[151],"neural":[152],"networks":[153],"(DNNs)":[154],"facial":[156,222],"emotion":[157],"identification":[158],"another":[160],"tracks":[163],"segments":[165],"The":[167],"system":[168,208],"begins":[169],"by":[170,216],"following":[171],"marker":[173],"on":[174],"front":[176],"of":[177,185,197],"display":[180],"(HMD).":[181],"With":[182],"help":[184],"spatial":[187],"data":[188],"has":[190],"been":[191],"retrieved,":[192],"positions":[194],"rotations":[196],"face":[199],"estimated":[201],"segment":[203],"mouth.":[205],"Finally,":[206],"interacts":[209],"DNN":[211],"using":[212,228],"pixels":[214],"processed":[215],"lips.":[218],"It":[219],"obtains":[220],"expression":[223],"results":[224],"real":[226],"time":[227],"an":[229],"adaptive":[230],"method":[231],"histogram-based":[233],"mouth":[234],"segmentation.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-05-13T08:25:38.343686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
