{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405538411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00718-y","title":"A Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence in Orthopaedic Disease Detection: A Taxonomy for Analysis and Trustworthiness Evaluation","display_name":"A Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence in Orthopaedic Disease Detection: A Taxonomy for Analysis and Trustworthiness Evaluation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405538411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00718-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-024-00718-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00718-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-024-00718-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-024-00718-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051946115","display_name":"Thura J. Mohammed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5763-2899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thura J. Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083356789","display_name":"XinYing Chew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5539-1959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chew Xinying","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083259460","display_name":"Alhamzah Alnoor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2873-2054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145266","display_name":"Southern Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sax3264","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145266"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152582","display_name":"A'Sharqiyah University","ror":"https://ror.org/044v96v72","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152582"]}],"countries":["IQ","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alhamzah Alnoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Management Department, College of Business Administration (COBA), A\u2019Sharqiyah University (ASU), Ibra, Oman","Management Technical College, Southern Technical University, Basrah, 61004, Iraq","School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Management Department, College of Business Administration (COBA), A\u2019Sharqiyah University (ASU), Ibra, Oman","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152582"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Management Technical College, Southern Technical University, Basrah, 61004, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145266"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038453557","display_name":"Khai Wah Khaw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2646-6477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khai Wah Khaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012505948","display_name":"A. S. Albahri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3335-457X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133452077","display_name":"Imam Sadiq University","ror":"https://ror.org/02mkkqv65","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133452077"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119257","display_name":"University of Information Technology and Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/028h0pd91","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119257"]}],"countries":["IQ","IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. S. Albahri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical College, Imam Ja\u2019afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq","University of Information Technology and Communications (UOITC), Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical College, Imam Ja\u2019afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133452077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Information Technology and Communications (UOITC), Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080875467","display_name":"Wei Lin Teoh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4715-1490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085930","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/0059w0420","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210085930"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Lin Teoh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Malaysia, 62200, Putrajaya, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Malaysia, 62200, Putrajaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030160117","display_name":"Z CHONG","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931681460","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Lin Chong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900, Perak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087889739","display_name":"Sajal Saha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1429-9387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132231","display_name":"International University of Business Agriculture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02m32cr13","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132231"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajal Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132231"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012505948"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133452077","https://openalex.org/I4210119257"],"apc_list":{"value":2090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2090},"apc_paid":{"value":2090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2090},"fwci":0.5611,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64118896,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.6627275943756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.5712427496910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5560457706451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4667321443557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3691078722476959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.353410542011261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13966500759124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1345808506011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.08142319321632385}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6627275943756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.5712427496910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5560457706451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4667321443557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3691078722476959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.353410542011261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13966500759124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1345808506011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08142319321632385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-024-00718-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00718-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-024-00718-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3cdb24d4e91f4ec687a7b1b7d0eecab5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3cdb24d4e91f4ec687a7b1b7d0eecab5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-34 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-024-00718-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00718-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-024-00718-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8588225811","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R501-LR-RND003-0000000913-0000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322757","funder_display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322757","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405538411.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405538411.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":124,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007872832","https://openalex.org/W2108348061","https://openalex.org/W2915041319","https://openalex.org/W2921397320","https://openalex.org/W2922321583","https://openalex.org/W2943689471","https://openalex.org/W2981579353","https://openalex.org/W2988912012","https://openalex.org/W2991997789","https://openalex.org/W2996517038","https://openalex.org/W2996541402","https://openalex.org/W3000677463","https://openalex.org/W3003586226","https://openalex.org/W3011530750","https://openalex.org/W3029050330","https://openalex.org/W3036877575","https://openalex.org/W3042178342","https://openalex.org/W3046238651","https://openalex.org/W3048464064","https://openalex.org/W3048902157","https://openalex.org/W3081651468","https://openalex.org/W3088660523","https://openalex.org/W3092312060","https://openalex.org/W3094448053","https://openalex.org/W3096409130","https://openalex.org/W3102883434","https://openalex.org/W3107132730","https://openalex.org/W3113813300","https://openalex.org/W3117124430","https://openalex.org/W3130679116","https://openalex.org/W3131930716","https://openalex.org/W3132541064","https://openalex.org/W3134091181","https://openalex.org/W3134978958","https://openalex.org/W3136762597","https://openalex.org/W3136902489","https://openalex.org/W3138314157","https://openalex.org/W3140187804","https://openalex.org/W3149145962","https://openalex.org/W3150363874","https://openalex.org/W3153361253","https://openalex.org/W3157367143","https://openalex.org/W3159215820","https://openalex.org/W3160035121","https://openalex.org/W3161143900","https://openalex.org/W3162605393","https://openalex.org/W3165761235","https://openalex.org/W3167250384","https://openalex.org/W3170597370","https://openalex.org/W3186377337","https://openalex.org/W3186552329","https://openalex.org/W3194699675","https://openalex.org/W3198568094","https://openalex.org/W3200276483","https://openalex.org/W3200391510","https://openalex.org/W3211726996","https://openalex.org/W3213384164","https://openalex.org/W3215576526","https://openalex.org/W3217211370","https://openalex.org/W4200076340","https://openalex.org/W4200230371","https://openalex.org/W4205381968","https://openalex.org/W4205513695","https://openalex.org/W4206313534","https://openalex.org/W4206698631","https://openalex.org/W4207017347","https://openalex.org/W4210938064","https://openalex.org/W4213267524","https://openalex.org/W4213413818","https://openalex.org/W4214866022","https://openalex.org/W4220740236","https://openalex.org/W4220827257","https://openalex.org/W4223982540","https://openalex.org/W4224980663","https://openalex.org/W4236083784","https://openalex.org/W4280497499","https://openalex.org/W4280543726","https://openalex.org/W4281555182","https://openalex.org/W4281677693","https://openalex.org/W4281923747","https://openalex.org/W4283018412","https://openalex.org/W4283581997","https://openalex.org/W4292801018","https://openalex.org/W4294218547","https://openalex.org/W4294741481","https://openalex.org/W4295035324","https://openalex.org/W4295765100","https://openalex.org/W4296148407","https://openalex.org/W4296701011","https://openalex.org/W4307550123","https://openalex.org/W4307552393","https://openalex.org/W4308148976","https://openalex.org/W4308360199","https://openalex.org/W4308959200","https://openalex.org/W4309633944","https://openalex.org/W4309764757","https://openalex.org/W4311995558","https://openalex.org/W4313526326","https://openalex.org/W4313583468","https://openalex.org/W4315435609","https://openalex.org/W4318969615","https://openalex.org/W4321381272","https://openalex.org/W4323314518","https://openalex.org/W4324135233","https://openalex.org/W4364381340","https://openalex.org/W4383302364","https://openalex.org/W4387617955","https://openalex.org/W4388095881","https://openalex.org/W4388304287","https://openalex.org/W4388725779","https://openalex.org/W4390278173","https://openalex.org/W4390667293","https://openalex.org/W4391074940","https://openalex.org/W4392118430","https://openalex.org/W4392456473","https://openalex.org/W4392783658","https://openalex.org/W4396886550","https://openalex.org/W4399740782","https://openalex.org/W4399795724","https://openalex.org/W4400145965","https://openalex.org/W4401026006","https://openalex.org/W4401390051","https://openalex.org/W4402028823","https://openalex.org/W4402489414"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076536433","https://openalex.org/W90316445","https://openalex.org/W4327743613","https://openalex.org/W2965447900","https://openalex.org/W3199750033","https://openalex.org/W4391815708","https://openalex.org/W2374509987","https://openalex.org/W3163373470","https://openalex.org/W3005856188","https://openalex.org/W1898221464"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Orthopaedic":[0],"diseases,":[1],"which":[2],"affect":[3],"millions":[4],"of":[5,31,48,73,88,113,119,175,183],"people":[6],"globally,":[7],"present":[8],"significant":[9],"diagnostic":[10],"challenges,":[11,136],"often":[12],"leading":[13],"to":[14,43,80,133,204,236],"long-term":[15],"disability":[16],"and":[17,71,97,127,137,162,217,230,233],"chronic":[18],"pain.":[19],"There":[20],"is":[21,178],"an":[22],"ongoing":[23],"debate":[24],"across":[25,61],"the":[26,29,86,101,117,145,169,173,181,199],"literature":[27,57],"regarding":[28],"trustworthiness":[30,174,186],"artificial":[32],"intelligence":[33],"(AI)":[34],"in":[35,51,210],"detecting":[36],"orthopaedic":[37,52,114,211],"diseases.":[38],"This":[39],"systematic":[40],"review":[41,105,143],"aims":[42],"provide":[44],"a":[45],"comprehensive":[46],"taxonomy":[47],"AI":[49,107,147,158,176,185,207,225],"applications":[50],"disease":[53,212],"detection.":[54],"A":[55],"thorough":[56],"search":[58],"was":[59],"conducted":[60],"five":[62],"major":[63],"databases":[64],"(Science":[65],"Direct,":[66],"Scopus,":[67],"IEEE":[68],"Xplore,":[69],"PubMed,":[70],"Web":[72],"Science)":[74],"covering":[75],"publications":[76],"from":[77],"January":[78],"2019":[79],"2024.":[81],"Following":[82],"rigorous":[83],"screening":[84],"on":[85,116,180,223],"basis":[87,118,182],"predefined":[89],"inclusion":[90],"criteria,":[91],"85":[92],"relevant":[93],"studies":[94],"were":[95],"identified":[96],"critically":[98],"evaluated.":[99],"For":[100],"first":[102],"time,":[103],"this":[104,142],"classifies":[106],"contributions":[108],"into":[109,240],"six":[110],"key":[111],"categories":[112],"conditions":[115],"medical":[120],"perspective:":[121],"arthritis,":[122],"tumours,":[123],"deformities,":[124],"fractures,":[125],"osteoporosis,":[126],"general":[128],"bone":[129],"abnormalities.":[130],"In":[131],"addition":[132],"analyzing":[134],"motivations,":[135],"recommendations":[138],"for":[139,201],"future":[140],"research,":[141],"highlights":[144],"various":[146],"techniques":[148],"employed,":[149],"including":[150],"deep":[151],"learning":[152,155],"(DL),":[153],"machine":[154],"(ML),":[156],"explainable":[157],"(XAI),":[159],"fuzzy":[160],"logic,":[161],"multicriteria":[163],"decision-making":[164],"(MCDM),":[165],"as":[166,168],"well":[167],"datasets":[170],"utilized.":[171],"Furthermore,":[172],"models":[177],"evaluated":[179],"seven":[184],"components,":[187],"aligned":[188],"with":[189],"European":[190],"Union":[191],"guidelines,":[192],"within":[193],"each":[194],"category.":[195],"These":[196],"findings":[197],"underscore":[198],"need":[200],"high-quality":[202],"research":[203,220],"ensure":[205,237],"that":[206],"computational":[208],"systems":[209],"detection":[213],"are":[214],"reliable,":[215],"safe,":[216],"ethical.":[218],"Future":[219],"should":[221],"focus":[222],"optimizing":[224],"algorithms,":[226],"improving":[227],"dataset":[228],"diversity,":[229],"addressing":[231],"ethical":[232],"regulatory":[234],"challenges":[235],"successful":[238],"integration":[239],"clinical":[241],"practice.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}