{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400886710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00600-x","title":"Porosity Prediction Based on Ensemble Learning for Feature Selection and an Optimized GRU Improved by the PSO Algorithm","display_name":"Porosity Prediction Based on Ensemble Learning for Feature Selection and an Optimized GRU Improved by the PSO Algorithm","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400886710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00600-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-024-00600-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00600-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-024-00600-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-024-00600-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050737571","display_name":"Miaomiao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1667-9519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921716337","display_name":"Northeast Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03net5943","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Miaomiao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Petroleum Big Data and Intelligent Analysis of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, 163318, China","School of Computer and Information Technology, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Petroleum Big Data and Intelligent Analysis of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, 163318, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Technology, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103168380","display_name":"Haoran Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0213-207X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921716337","display_name":"Northeast Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03net5943","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoran Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information Technology, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Technology, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060454464","display_name":"Fengda Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9085-9633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengda Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101708694","display_name":"Qiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2436-3514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921716337","display_name":"Northeast Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03net5943","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Petroleum Big Data and Intelligent Analysis of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, 163318, China","School of Computer and Information Technology, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Petroleum Big Data and Intelligent Analysis of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, 163318, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Technology, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104111368","display_name":"Ying Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0510-3629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921716337","display_name":"Northeast Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03net5943","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical & Information Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical & Information Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102574631","display_name":"Jiahao Xi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921716337","display_name":"Northeast Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03net5943","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahao Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information Technology, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Technology, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050737571"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"],"apc_list":{"value":1390,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1704},"apc_paid":{"value":1390,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1704},"fwci":2.0742,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85389364,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11801","display_name":"Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11801","display_name":"Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10399","display_name":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10635","display_name":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.7233403921127319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6523936986923218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5776784420013428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5681397318840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.5561568737030029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4958368241786957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4623402953147888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.4543820917606354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.4274202883243561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.42115887999534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3515440821647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3363242447376251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16179999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.7233403921127319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6523936986923218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5776784420013428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5681397318840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.5561568737030029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4958368241786957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4623402953147888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.4543820917606354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.4274202883243561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.42115887999534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3515440821647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3363242447376251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-024-00600-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00600-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-024-00600-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a8951472c9ea400f8f7b82540b97b11c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a8951472c9ea400f8f7b82540b97b11c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-20 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-024-00600-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00600-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-024-00600-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6364890296","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D2023107002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6787233349","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LBH-Q20073","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316313","funder_display_name":"Postdoctoral Scientific Research Development Fund of Heilongjiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G699718219","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022D01A59","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311028","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311028","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316313","display_name":"Postdoctoral Scientific Research Development Fund of Heilongjiang Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400886710.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2343348914","https://openalex.org/W2890015618","https://openalex.org/W2915596699","https://openalex.org/W2993092475","https://openalex.org/W2999353320","https://openalex.org/W3033247985","https://openalex.org/W3106860847","https://openalex.org/W3198955447","https://openalex.org/W3211054247","https://openalex.org/W4281892778","https://openalex.org/W4375842559","https://openalex.org/W6600577311","https://openalex.org/W6885130289","https://openalex.org/W6906052254"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3204184292","https://openalex.org/W4226466875","https://openalex.org/W2977257638","https://openalex.org/W4288095186","https://openalex.org/W3210541621","https://openalex.org/W4388745254","https://openalex.org/W2980082554","https://openalex.org/W1517228774","https://openalex.org/W2767419625","https://openalex.org/W2389704471"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Accurate":[1],"and":[2,24,27,37,51,68,92,109,119,214,333],"reliable":[3],"prediction":[4,55,83],"of":[5,22,33,53,193,268,335],"porosity":[6,54,82,310],"forms":[7],"the":[8,19,80,93,154,160,191,254,260,266,296,317,326],"foundational":[9],"basis":[10],"for":[11,18,159,211,253,342],"evaluating":[12],"reservoir":[13,344],"quality,":[14],"which":[15],"is":[16,35,96,135,142,175,235],"essential":[17],"systematic":[20],"deployment":[21],"oil":[23],"gas":[25],"exploration":[26],"development":[28],"plans.":[29],"When":[30],"data":[31,100,138,157,278],"quality":[32],"samples":[34,158],"low,":[36],"critical":[38],"model":[39,107,256,298],"parameters":[40,147],"are":[41,76,87,257],"typically":[42],"determined":[43,258],"through":[44,89,237],"subjective":[45],"experience,":[46],"resulting":[47],"in":[48,122,283,309],"diminished":[49],"accuracy":[50,108,184,308],"reliability":[52],"methods":[56],"utilizing":[57],"gated":[58],"recurrent":[59],"units":[60],"(GRU),":[61],"a":[62,125,208,216],"committee-voting":[63,126],"ensemble":[64],"learning":[65,294],"(EL)":[66],"method,":[67],"an":[69,171,221,284],"enhanced":[70,231,307],"particle":[71,201],"swarm":[72,242],"optimization":[73],"(PSO)":[74],"algorithm":[75,174,206],"proposed":[77,297],"to":[78,98,106,144,177,198,219,290],"optimize":[79],"GRU-based":[81],"model.":[84],"Initially,":[85],"outliers":[86],"eliminated":[88],"box":[90],"plots":[91],"min\u2013max":[94],"normalization":[95],"applied":[97],"enhance":[99],"quality.":[101],"To":[102],"address":[103],"issues":[104],"related":[105],"high":[110],"training":[111],"costs":[112],"arising":[113],"from":[114,186,280,303],"dimensional":[115],"complexity,":[116],"substantial":[117],"noise,":[118],"redundant":[120],"information":[121],"logging":[123,146,277,304],"data,":[124,305],"EL":[127],"strategy":[128],"based":[129,273],"on":[130,274,316],"four":[131,240],"feature":[132],"selection":[133,168],"algorithms":[134,244],"introduced.":[136],"Following":[137],"preprocessing,":[139],"this":[140],"approach":[141],"employed":[143],"identify":[145],"highly":[148],"correlated":[149],"with":[150,181,239],"porosity,":[151],"thereby":[152,226,264],"furnishing":[153],"most":[155],"pertinent":[156],"GRU":[161,255],"model,":[162],"mitigating":[163],"constraints":[164],"imposed":[165],"by":[166],"single-feature":[167],"methods.":[169],"Second,":[170],"improved":[172,261],"PSO":[173,232,262],"suggested":[176],"tackle":[178],"challenges":[179],"associated":[180],"low":[182],"convergence":[183],"stemming":[185],"random":[187],"population":[188,212],"initialization,":[189],"alongside":[190],"absence":[192],"global":[194],"optimal":[195,251],"solutions":[196],"due":[197],"overly":[199],"rapid":[200],"movement":[202],"during":[203],"iteration.":[204],"This":[205],"uses":[207],"good-point":[209],"set":[210,319],"initialization":[213],"incorporates":[215],"compression":[217],"factor":[218],"devise":[220],"adaptive":[222],"velocity":[223],"updating":[224],"strategy,":[225],"enhancing":[227],"search":[228],"efficacy.":[229],"The":[230,312],"algorithm\u2019s":[233],"superiority":[234],"substantiated":[236],"comparison":[238],"alternative":[241],"intelligent":[243],"across":[245],"10":[246,323],"benchmark":[247],"test":[248,318],"functions.":[249],"Ultimately,":[250],"hyper-parameters":[252],"using":[259],"algorithm,":[263],"minimizing":[265],"influence":[267],"human":[269],"factors.":[270],"Experimental":[271],"findings":[272],"approximately":[275],"15,000":[276],"points":[279],"well":[281],"A01":[282],"operational":[285],"field":[286],"validate":[287],"that,":[288],"relative":[289],"three":[291],"other":[292],"deep":[293],"methodologies,":[295],"proficiently":[299],"extracts":[300],"spatiotemporal":[301],"features":[302],"yielding":[306],"prediction.":[311],"mean":[313,327],"squared":[314],"error":[315,329],"was":[320],"7.19":[321],"\u00d7":[322],"\u20136":[324],",":[325],"absolute":[328],"stood":[330],"at":[331],"0.0082,":[332],"coefficient":[334],"determination":[336],"reached":[337],"0.99,":[338],"offering":[339],"novel":[340],"insights":[341],"predicting":[343],"porosity.":[345]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}