{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396229148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00496-7","title":"SStackGNN: Graph Data Augmentation Simplified Stacking Graph Neural Network for Twitter Bot Detection","display_name":"SStackGNN: Graph Data Augmentation Simplified Stacking Graph Neural Network for Twitter Bot Detection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396229148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00496-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-024-00496-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00496-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-024-00496-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-024-00496-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101616089","display_name":"Shuhao Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2926-8230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuhao Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligence Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 100190, 45001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligence Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 100190, 45001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100326406","display_name":"Jian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6823-6640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligence Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 100190, 45001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligence Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 100190, 45001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101888742","display_name":"Zhengyan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0462-2076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengyan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligence Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 100190, 45001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligence Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 100190, 45001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100398013","display_name":"Yuxin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6433-2678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligence Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 100190, 45001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligence Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 100190, 45001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060467975","display_name":"Yongmao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0526-5778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongmao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligence Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 100190, 45001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligence Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 100190, 45001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101414019","display_name":"Cheng-Qi Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0823-3177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengqi Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligence Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 100190, 45001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligence Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 100190, 45001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032832863","display_name":"Kai Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7057-9562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligence Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 100190, 45001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligence Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 100190, 45001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101616087","display_name":"Bin Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0393-9641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bin Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligence Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 100190, 45001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0393-9641","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligence Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 100190, 45001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032832863","https://openalex.org/A5101616087"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"],"apc_list":{"value":1390,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1704},"apc_paid":{"value":1390,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1704},"fwci":3.4315,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93101046,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stacking","display_name":"Stacking","score":0.6608900427818298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6069357991218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5745856761932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2935601472854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.10587650537490845}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33347731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285210","display_name":"Stacking","level":2,"score":0.6608900427818298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6069357991218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5745856761932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2935601472854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.10587650537490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-024-00496-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00496-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-024-00496-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5295f2ffc1eb431a9bc0a288ca70c28f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5295f2ffc1eb431a9bc0a288ca70c28f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-024-00496-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00496-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-024-00496-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396229148.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28412257","https://openalex.org/W146900863","https://openalex.org/W1849719402","https://openalex.org/W1986678144","https://openalex.org/W2020754036","https://openalex.org/W2154851992","https://openalex.org/W2604314403","https://openalex.org/W2794534827","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2945822178","https://openalex.org/W2962756421","https://openalex.org/W2988486362","https://openalex.org/W3104097132","https://openalex.org/W3123889202","https://openalex.org/W3134215938","https://openalex.org/W3175498457","https://openalex.org/W3176405886","https://openalex.org/W3215200943","https://openalex.org/W4213147383","https://openalex.org/W4282982824","https://openalex.org/W4307823382","https://openalex.org/W4313049033","https://openalex.org/W4396843804","https://openalex.org/W6600424091","https://openalex.org/W6602157016","https://openalex.org/W6602411596","https://openalex.org/W6702166451"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2035329725","https://openalex.org/W4376641153","https://openalex.org/W2070875936","https://openalex.org/W4250391473","https://openalex.org/W3045075405","https://openalex.org/W4302292679","https://openalex.org/W2956222435","https://openalex.org/W4241625287"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Ensemble":[1],"learning":[2],"has":[3],"the":[4,8,31,47,63,73,81,109,112,121,125,156],"potential":[5],"to":[6,29,36,115,147],"enhance":[7,40],"efficacy":[9],"of":[10,75,83,94,111,124,128],"feeble":[11],"classifiers":[12,114],"significantly":[13,154],"and":[14,39,132,141],"is":[15],"increasingly":[16],"being":[17],"utilized":[18,26],"in":[19],"Twitter":[20],"bot":[21],"detection.":[22],"Previous":[23],"methods":[24],"have":[25],"stacking":[27],"techniques":[28,146],"train":[30],"primary":[32],"classifiers,":[33,90],"implementing":[34],"cross-validation":[35,44,131],"mitigate":[37],"overfitting":[38],"predictive":[41,122],"accuracy.":[42],"However,":[43],"substantially":[45],"amplifies":[46],"computation":[48],"time":[49],"associated":[50],"with":[51],"stacking.":[52],"To":[53],"overcome":[54],"this":[55,57],"challenge,":[56],"paper":[58],"presents":[59],"a":[60,99,105],"novel":[61],"approach,":[62],"Simplified":[64],"Stacking":[65],"Graph":[66,84],"Neural":[67,85],"Network":[68],"(SStackGNN),":[69],"specifically":[70],"designed":[71],"for":[72],"detection":[74],"social":[76],"bots.":[77],"Our":[78],"methodology":[79],"leverages":[80],"power":[82],"Networks":[86],"(GNNs)":[87],"as":[88,104],"base":[89,134],"enabling":[91],"effective":[92],"capturing":[93],"inter-account":[95],"interactions.":[96],"In":[97],"addition,":[98],"Multilayer":[100],"Perceptron":[101],"(MLP)":[102],"serves":[103],"secondary":[106],"classifier,":[107],"amalgamating":[108],"outcomes":[110],"foundational":[113,150],"generate":[116],"final":[117],"predictions,":[118],"thereby":[119],"enhancing":[120],"performance":[123],"GNNs.":[126],"Instead":[127],"relying":[129],"on":[130],"distinct":[133],"classifier":[135],"structures,":[136],"we":[137],"employ":[138],"node-level,":[139],"edge-level,":[140],"feature-level":[142],"graph":[143],"data":[144],"augmentation":[145],"acquire":[148],"diverse":[149],"classifiers.":[151],"This":[152],"approach":[153],"alleviates":[155],"computational":[157],"complexity":[158],"while":[159],"achieving":[160],"superior":[161],"performance.":[162],"Experimental":[163],"results":[164],"demonstrate":[165],"that":[166],"our":[167],"proposed":[168],"SStackGNN":[169],"outperforms":[170],"other":[171],"approaches.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}