{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389305193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-023-00363-x","title":"Reactive Power Output Modeling of Synchronous Condenser in UHVDC Converter Station Based on Interlaced Superposition CNN-BiLSTM","display_name":"Reactive Power Output Modeling of Synchronous Condenser in UHVDC Converter Station Based on Interlaced Superposition CNN-BiLSTM","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389305193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-023-00363-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-023-00363-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-023-00363-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-023-00363-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-023-00363-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100403185","display_name":"Lin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6698-129X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China","Hohai University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085214294","display_name":"Honghua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8441-7676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Honghua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China","Hohai University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8441-7676","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100526703","display_name":"Tianhang Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianhang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China","Hohai University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014633229","display_name":"Chengliang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0877-1064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090460","display_name":"Nanjing Institute of Railway Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ctyfm67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146748","display_name":"Frontier Environmental Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04caf4057","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403928295","display_name":"Jiangsu Frontier Electric Technology Co., Ltd. (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03x2amr67","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403928295"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengliang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Frontier Electric Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 211102, China","Jiangsu Frontier Electric Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Frontier Electric Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 211102, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146748"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Frontier Electric Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090460","https://openalex.org/I4403928295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085214294"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"],"apc_list":{"value":2090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2090},"apc_paid":{"value":2090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2090},"fwci":0.1674,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42279516,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14502","display_name":"High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14502","display_name":"High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12451","display_name":"Smart Grid and Power Systems","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superposition-principle","display_name":"Superposition principle","score":0.7111226320266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.677277684211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6274898648262024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5264975428581238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condenser","display_name":"Condenser (optics)","score":0.5092827081680298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.48552751541137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.46971574425697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.41557109355926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3972965478897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.322388231754303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29011237621307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.23289760947227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21517321467399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.174637109041214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11164915561676025}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27753989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284885","display_name":"Superposition principle","level":2,"score":0.7111226320266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.677277684211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6274898648262024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5264975428581238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780934509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571589","display_name":"Condenser (optics)","level":3,"score":0.5092827081680298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.48552751541137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.46971574425697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.41557109355926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3972965478897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.322388231754303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29011237621307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23289760947227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21517321467399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.174637109041214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11164915561676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982854487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9128","display_name":"Light source","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-023-00363-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-023-00363-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-023-00363-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:52f931dd6bf24c468e0e48c2335be70c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/52f931dd6bf24c468e0e48c2335be70c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44196-023-00363-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-023-00363-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44196-023-00363-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389305193.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2794094788","https://openalex.org/W2909670596","https://openalex.org/W2914534926","https://openalex.org/W2922239225","https://openalex.org/W2949724129","https://openalex.org/W3004540924","https://openalex.org/W3083067622","https://openalex.org/W3083718151","https://openalex.org/W3084148941","https://openalex.org/W3087497664","https://openalex.org/W3115103108","https://openalex.org/W3116581862","https://openalex.org/W3126364290","https://openalex.org/W3168997536","https://openalex.org/W3175896293","https://openalex.org/W3179950556","https://openalex.org/W3192389787","https://openalex.org/W3195748330","https://openalex.org/W3198471309","https://openalex.org/W3209478012","https://openalex.org/W4220779380","https://openalex.org/W4224253952","https://openalex.org/W4293089035","https://openalex.org/W4307240542","https://openalex.org/W4308865908","https://openalex.org/W4318939625","https://openalex.org/W4362714337","https://openalex.org/W4379647832"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308749380","https://openalex.org/W1977264433","https://openalex.org/W2372481764","https://openalex.org/W2037841693","https://openalex.org/W2347371661","https://openalex.org/W4308448008","https://openalex.org/W2746368218","https://openalex.org/W2610947892","https://openalex.org/W2170853726","https://openalex.org/W4205536354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"To":[1],"guarantee":[2],"stable":[3],"power":[4,26,30,37,58,72,98,104,222,252,270],"system":[5,74],"operation,":[6],"a":[7,41,61,130,169,173,226,274,291,301],"synchronous":[8],"condenser":[9],"(SC)":[10],"is":[11,86,126,143,182,207,225,256,286],"configured":[12],"in":[13,43,63,110,128,219,276],"an":[14,44,64,277],"ultra-high":[15],"voltage":[16,231],"direct":[17],"current":[18,234],"(UHVDC)":[19],"converter":[20,46,66,113,279],"station":[21,47,114,280],"to":[22,28,93,145,209],"provide":[23],"dynamic":[24],"reactive":[25,36,57,71,97,103,221,251,269],"support":[27],"the":[29,35,56,70,76,89,95,108,111,147,150,156,184,187,197,236,243,250,254,261,268],"system.":[31],"The":[32,177,203,213,229],"research":[33],"on":[34,69,116,282],"output":[38,99,105,223,271],"modelling":[39,224],"of":[40,60,75,107,136,149,159,186,215,235,253,273],"SC":[42,62,77,96,109,220,237,255,275],"UHVDC":[45,65,112,278],"has":[48],"important":[49],"theoretical":[50],"significance":[51],"and":[52,82,152,172,192,200,232,245,249,263,288,300],"practical":[53],"value":[54],"for":[55,88,195,242,260],"control":[59],"station.":[67],"Focusing":[68],"regulation":[73],"with":[78,139,162],"strong":[79],"coupling,":[80],"multivariable,":[81],"nonlinear":[83],"features,":[84],"it":[85,289],"difficult":[87],"universal":[90],"analytic":[91],"method":[92,206],"build":[94],"model.":[100],"A":[101],"novel":[102,131],"model":[106,181,191,194,198,272],"based":[115,281],"interlaced":[117,132,178,188,216,283],"superposition":[118,133,179,189,284],"convolutional":[119],"neural":[120],"network-bidirectional":[121],"long":[122],"short-term":[123],"memory":[124],"(CNN-BiLSTM)":[125],"proposed,":[127],"which":[129],"CNN":[134,190],"composed":[135],"convolution":[137,160,170],"units":[138,161],"two":[140,163],"different":[141,164],"structures":[142,165],"built":[144],"increase":[146],"depth":[148],"network":[151],"avoid":[153],"over-fitting.":[154],"Particularly":[155],"branch":[157],"channels":[158],"are":[166,238],"connected":[167],"by":[168],"layer":[171],"skip":[174],"connection":[175],"respectively.":[176],"CNN-BiLSTM":[180,218,285],"that":[183],"combination":[185],"BiLSTM":[193],"improving":[196],"accuracy":[199],"generic":[201],"capability.":[202],"Bayesian":[204],"optimization":[205],"used":[208,239,257],"optimize":[210],"its":[211],"hyperparameters.":[212],"application":[214],"Superposition":[217],"new":[227],"technology.":[228],"excitation":[230,233],"as":[240,258],"inputs":[241],"training":[244,262],"testing":[246,264],"sampled":[247,265],"data,":[248],"outputs":[259],"data.":[266],"Therefore,":[267],"obtained,":[287],"attains":[290],"low":[292],"root":[293],"mean":[294],"square":[295],"error":[296],"(RMSE":[297],"=":[298,308],"0.126750)":[299],"high":[302],"determination":[303],"coefficient":[304],"(":[305],"R":[306],"2":[307],"0.999999).":[309]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}