{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203667547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01711-4","title":"Deep learning-based automatic evaluation model for translation quality of master of translation and interpreting","display_name":"Deep learning-based automatic evaluation model for translation quality of master of translation and interpreting","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203667547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01711-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-026-01711-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01711-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-026-01711-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-026-01711-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147398094","display_name":"Biao Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133270356","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/035gwtk09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133270356"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin, 300222, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin, 300222, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133270356"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147397502","display_name":"Xiaotong Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133270356","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/035gwtk09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133270356"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaotong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin, 300222, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin, 300222, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133270356"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030693946","display_name":"Jianxun Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0956-0755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133270356","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/035gwtk09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133270356"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianxun Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin, 300222, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin, 300222, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133270356"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038923547","display_name":"Jilin Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133270356","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/035gwtk09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133270356"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jilin Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin, 300222, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin, 300222, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133270356"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100425577","display_name":"Li Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4441-5131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803007516","display_name":"Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area","ror":"https://ror.org/010fbpe82","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803007516"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin Data Development Center, Tianjin, 300222, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Data Development Center, Tianjin, 300222, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803007516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147407343","display_name":"Chun Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133270356","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/035gwtk09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133270356"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin, 300222, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin, 300222, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133270356"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030693946"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133270356"],"apc_list":{"value":1590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1590},"apc_paid":{"value":1590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1590},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8876494,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12260","display_name":"Educational Technology and Pedagogy","score":0.17870000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12260","display_name":"Educational Technology and Pedagogy","score":0.17870000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.04540000110864639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14413","display_name":"Advanced Technologies in Various Fields","score":0.03959999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.6273999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.5087000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminology","display_name":"Terminology","score":0.5077999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.4659000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.461899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaluation-of-machine-translation","display_name":"Evaluation of machine translation","score":0.4341999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.4194999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-equivalence","display_name":"Semantic equivalence","score":0.4092000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.39989998936653137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7958999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7383000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.6273999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6254000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.5087000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.5077999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4659000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.461899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135784402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6958279","display_name":"Evaluation of machine translation","level":5,"score":0.4341999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.4194999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37926939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449061","display_name":"Semantic equivalence","level":4,"score":0.4092000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.35760000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24687705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753284","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","level":3,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986862884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7553","display_name":"Language translation","level":3,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020001037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836575","display_name":"Quality assessment","level":3,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781122975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16928266","display_name":"Semantic feature","level":2,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98199350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q978442","display_name":"Dynamic and formal equivalence","level":3,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95318506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6588467","display_name":"Textual entailment","level":3,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120012220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754533","display_name":"Source text","level":2,"score":0.2526000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-026-01711-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01711-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-026-01711-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:db49af23724847119c17b03b7385b01f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/db49af23724847119c17b03b7385b01f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence, Vol 6, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-026-01711-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01711-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-026-01711-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7171448469161987}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203667547.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203667547.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3180521376","https://openalex.org/W3203011138","https://openalex.org/W4224324874","https://openalex.org/W4280571180","https://openalex.org/W4281486054","https://openalex.org/W4285086744","https://openalex.org/W4303856974","https://openalex.org/W4316468172","https://openalex.org/W4321484853","https://openalex.org/W4362614755","https://openalex.org/W4378227079","https://openalex.org/W4387782591","https://openalex.org/W4389131500","https://openalex.org/W4390616332","https://openalex.org/W4390632411","https://openalex.org/W4391540147","https://openalex.org/W4392167104","https://openalex.org/W4392616472","https://openalex.org/W4395113692","https://openalex.org/W4397026526","https://openalex.org/W4401663572","https://openalex.org/W4402670905","https://openalex.org/W4404409726","https://openalex.org/W4406793955","https://openalex.org/W4411113160","https://openalex.org/W7119128502","https://openalex.org/W7119868656","https://openalex.org/W7125404175"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Translation":[0,11,62],"quality":[1,59,193,262],"assessment":[2,205],"functions":[3],"as":[4,88,116,195],"a":[5,44,150],"vital":[6],"component":[7],"which":[8,94],"Master":[9],"of":[10,71,253],"and":[12,21,33,78,91,101,121,124,138,157,183,207,224,233,242,266],"Interpreting":[13],"programs":[14],"use":[15],"to":[16,97,111,132,176,211,230],"evaluate":[17],"students\u2019":[18],"language":[19],"skills":[20],"their":[22],"translation":[23,27,58,178,181,245,261],"abilities.":[24],"Conventional":[25],"human-based":[26],"scoring":[28],"is":[29,189],"highly":[30],"subjective,":[31],"labour-intensive,":[32],"lacking":[34],"in":[35],"reliability.":[36],"To":[37],"overcome":[38],"these":[39],"limitations,":[40],"the":[41,169,251,254],"research":[42,228],"offers":[43],"Lotus":[45],"Effect-Attention-based":[46],"Bi-directional":[47],"Gated":[48],"Recurrent":[49],"Unit":[50],"(LE-Att-Bi-GRU)":[51],"deep":[52],"learning":[53],"(DL)":[54],"model":[55,144,188],"for":[56,237,258],"automatic":[57,259],"assessment.":[60],"The":[61,141,162,186],"Quality":[63],"Evaluation":[64],"dataset":[65],"incorporates":[66],"large":[67],"parallel":[68],"corpora":[69],"involving":[70],"MTI":[72,238,260],"student":[73],"translations,":[74,77],"expert":[75],"reference":[76],"consistent":[79],"bilingual":[80],"datasets.":[81],"Collected":[82],"text":[83,89],"undergoes":[84],"pre-processing":[85],"steps":[86],"such":[87,115],"normalization":[90],"sentence":[92],"alignment,":[93],"are":[95],"used":[96],"ensure":[98],"data":[99],"standardisation":[100],"accuracy.":[102],"Feature":[103],"extraction":[104],"adopts":[105],"Term":[106],"Frequency-Inverse":[107],"Document":[108],"Frequency":[109],"(TF-IDF)":[110],"quantify":[112],"linguistic":[113,267],"features":[114],"terminology":[117],"accuracy,":[118,182],"lexical":[119],"richness,":[120],"structural":[122],"coherence,":[123],"Sentence-Bidirectional":[125],"Encoder":[126],"Representations":[127],"from":[128],"Transformers":[129],"(Sentence-BERT)":[130],"embeddings":[131],"capture":[133],"semantic":[134,146,160,265],"equivalence":[135],"between":[136],"source":[137],"translated":[139],"texts.":[140],"proposed":[142,255],"LE-Att-Bi-GRU":[143,256],"improves":[145],"representation":[147],"by":[148],"incorporating":[149],"lotus-inspired":[151],"division":[152],"method":[153],"that":[154],"decreases":[155],"noise":[156],"focuses":[158],"essential":[159,177],"cues.":[161],"Bi-GRU":[163],"captures":[164],"bidirectional":[165],"contextual":[166],"dependencies,":[167],"while":[168],"integrated":[170],"attention":[171],"module":[172],"dynamically":[173],"assigns":[174],"weight":[175],"segments,":[179],"developing":[180],"style":[184],"evaluation.":[185],"supervised":[187],"trained":[190],"using":[191,264],"expert-annotated":[192],"scores":[194],"ground":[196],"truth.":[197],"Experimental":[198],"outcomes":[199],"reveal":[200],"high":[201],"correlation":[202],"with":[203],"professional":[204],"standards":[206],"superior":[208],"performance":[209],"compared":[210],"precision":[212],"(95.1%),":[213],"accuracy":[214],"(92.3%),":[215],"F-measure":[216],"(94.2%),":[217],"AUC":[218],"(0.926),":[219],"recall":[220],"(93.4%),":[221],"Pearson":[222],"(0.842),":[223],"Spearman":[225],"(0.829).":[226],"This":[227],"contributes":[229],"automatic,":[231],"scalable,":[232],"pedagogically":[234],"meaningful":[235],"evaluation":[236,246,263],"training,":[239],"curriculum":[240],"development,":[241],"future":[243],"AI-assisted":[244],"systems.":[247],"Graphical":[248],"abstract":[249],"show":[250],"Overview":[252],"framework":[257],"features.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2026-08-19T00:00:00"}