{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164208526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01344-7","title":"Systematic review of qualitative studies exploring K-12 teachers\u2019 perceptions and experiences of using ChatGPT","display_name":"Systematic review of qualitative studies exploring K-12 teachers\u2019 perceptions and experiences of using ChatGPT","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164208526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01344-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-026-01344-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01344-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-026-01344-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-026-01344-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093941714","display_name":"Omar Albaloul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3529-3571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36721946","display_name":"Kuwait University","ror":"https://ror.org/021e5j056","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["KW","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Omar Albaloul","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Education, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait","Mary Lou Fulton College for Teaching and Learning Innovation, Arizona State University, 1050 S. Forest Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3529-3571","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Education, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mary Lou Fulton College for Teaching and Learning Innovation, Arizona State University, 1050 S. Forest Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138385688","display_name":"Abdulrahman S. Alajmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0515-922X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36721946","display_name":"Kuwait University","ror":"https://ror.org/021e5j056","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["KW","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulrahman S. Alajmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Education, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait","Mary Lou Fulton College for Teaching and Learning Innovation, Arizona State University, 1050 S. Forest Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0515-922X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Education, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mary Lou Fulton College for Teaching and Learning Innovation, Arizona State University, 1050 S. Forest Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093371166","display_name":"Nicole Oster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2196-956X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicole Oster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mary Lou Fulton College for Teaching and Learning Innovation, Arizona State University, 1050 S. Forest Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2196-956X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mary Lou Fulton College for Teaching and Learning Innovation, Arizona State University, 1050 S. Forest Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001080707","display_name":"Chad M. Killian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8018-7615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161057412","display_name":"University of New Hampshire","ror":"https://ror.org/01rmh9n78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chad Killian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Kinesiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8018-7615","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Kinesiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093941714"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36721946","https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":{"value":1340,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1340},"apc_paid":{"value":1340,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1340},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47391304,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.8776999711990356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.8776999711990356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.013299999758601189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.01119999960064888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research","display_name":"Qualitative research","score":0.6273999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-analysis","display_name":"Thematic analysis","score":0.5234000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-appraisal","display_name":"Critical appraisal","score":0.5152000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inclusion","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","score":0.5073999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.4984999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.4505999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.3896999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-property","display_name":"Qualitative property","score":0.36320000886917114}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.6273999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5386000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.5234000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152541439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186693","display_name":"Critical appraisal","level":3,"score":0.5152000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.5073999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4984999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.4505999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4056999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3896999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201305675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852998","display_name":"Stakeholder","level":2,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132413290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307322","display_name":"Reflective practice","level":2,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162446236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137","display_name":"Content analysis","level":2,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51067260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828812","display_name":"Professional development","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C533356498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843894","display_name":"Critical thinking","level":2,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268696","display_name":"Qualitative analysis","level":3,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42525527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955","display_name":"Formative assessment","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-026-01344-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01344-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-026-01344-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bfd23c57e6cf47e3861ed698fa5d33aa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bfd23c57e6cf47e3861ed698fa5d33aa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence, Vol 6, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-026-01344-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01344-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-026-01344-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8542824983596802}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7164208526.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7164208526.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W336930913","https://openalex.org/W1994592819","https://openalex.org/W1997431017","https://openalex.org/W2003313129","https://openalex.org/W2034752591","https://openalex.org/W2049818923","https://openalex.org/W2074851080","https://openalex.org/W2081824497","https://openalex.org/W2086050924","https://openalex.org/W2105045890","https://openalex.org/W2109305774","https://openalex.org/W2135572748","https://openalex.org/W2154152968","https://openalex.org/W2402444196","https://openalex.org/W2417399168","https://openalex.org/W2770458253","https://openalex.org/W2894274905","https://openalex.org/W2988943523","https://openalex.org/W3003800699","https://openalex.org/W3110311776","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3156614709","https://openalex.org/W3161970973","https://openalex.org/W3162698312","https://openalex.org/W4206012510","https://openalex.org/W4230736510","https://openalex.org/W4317910584","https://openalex.org/W4327732011","https://openalex.org/W4360947362","https://openalex.org/W4367595583","https://openalex.org/W4367678106","https://openalex.org/W4377971371","https://openalex.org/W4378711602","https://openalex.org/W4382140847","https://openalex.org/W4386069852","https://openalex.org/W4386417345","https://openalex.org/W4386721361","https://openalex.org/W4388227428","https://openalex.org/W4389475225","https://openalex.org/W4389485341","https://openalex.org/W4390108252","https://openalex.org/W4390663034","https://openalex.org/W4391090624","https://openalex.org/W4391222332","https://openalex.org/W4391509950","https://openalex.org/W4391557617","https://openalex.org/W4392169966","https://openalex.org/W4392373169","https://openalex.org/W4396838561","https://openalex.org/W4396858752","https://openalex.org/W4396979009","https://openalex.org/W4398203672","https://openalex.org/W4399290739","https://openalex.org/W4399604220","https://openalex.org/W4399701665","https://openalex.org/W4400239851","https://openalex.org/W4400408779","https://openalex.org/W4400856657","https://openalex.org/W4400985332","https://openalex.org/W4401950268","https://openalex.org/W4402167467","https://openalex.org/W4402304589","https://openalex.org/W4402415363","https://openalex.org/W4403308511","https://openalex.org/W4403615741","https://openalex.org/W4403881882","https://openalex.org/W4404195142","https://openalex.org/W4404271614","https://openalex.org/W4404687559","https://openalex.org/W4404809252","https://openalex.org/W4405657070","https://openalex.org/W4406071412","https://openalex.org/W4406392876","https://openalex.org/W4409263357","https://openalex.org/W4409734766","https://openalex.org/W4409946324","https://openalex.org/W4410600144","https://openalex.org/W4412116462","https://openalex.org/W4412427010","https://openalex.org/W4414629373","https://openalex.org/W4414762563","https://openalex.org/W7108206979","https://openalex.org/W7122659807"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ChatGPT":[0,135,149,167,212],"is":[1],"a":[2,63,137,169],"widely":[3],"accessible":[4],"generative":[5],"artificial":[6],"intelligence":[7],"tool":[8,171],"that":[9,172],"produces":[10],"original":[11],"content":[12],"and":[13,26,48,56,85,113,142,150,156,159,177,194,206,217,225,233],"engages":[14],"in":[15,71],"human-like":[16],"dialogue.":[17],"Although":[18],"qualitative":[19,50,64],"studies":[20,232],"have":[21,33],"examined":[22],"K-12":[23,53],"teachers\u2019":[24,54],"perceptions":[25,55],"experiences":[27,57],"of":[28,40,58,75,153,162],"using":[29,59,105,117],"ChatGPT,":[30],"these":[31],"findings":[32,114,210],"not":[34],"been":[35],"synthesized.":[36],"Therefore,":[37],"the":[38,68,73,95,106,151,199],"purpose":[39],"this":[41,241],"study":[42],"was":[43,103],"to":[44,99,188,243],"systematically":[45],"identify,":[46],"appraise,":[47],"synthesize":[49],"evidence":[51],"on":[52,90],"ChatGPT.":[60],"We":[61],"conducted":[62],"systematic":[65],"review":[66],"following":[67],"Enhancing":[69],"Transparency":[70],"Reporting":[72],"Synthesis":[74],"Qualitative":[76],"Research":[77],"(ENTREQ)":[78],"guidelines.":[79],"ERIC,":[80],"Education":[81],"Full":[82],"Text,":[83],"Scopus,":[84],"IEEE":[86],"Xplore":[87],"were":[88,115],"searched":[89],"January":[91],"2,":[92],"2025,":[93],"with":[94],"publication":[96],"window":[97],"limited":[98],"2022\u20132024.":[100],"Study":[101],"quality":[102],"appraised":[104],"Critical":[107],"Appraisal":[108],"Skills":[109],"Programme":[110],"(CASP)":[111],"checklist,":[112],"synthesized":[116],"thematic":[118],"synthesis":[119,242],".":[120],"Fourteen":[121],"peer-reviewed":[122,231],"articles":[123],"met":[124],"inclusion":[125],"criteria,":[126],"representing":[127],"515":[128],"teachers.":[129],"Three":[130],"analytical":[131],"themes":[132],"emerged:":[133],"(a)":[134],"as":[136,168],"Partner":[138],"for":[139,201],"Teacher":[140],"Efficiency":[141],"Reflective":[143],"Growth,":[144],"(b)":[145],"Personalized":[146],"Learning":[147],"Through":[148],"Rise":[152],"Prompt":[154],"Literacy,":[155],"(c)":[157],"Ethical":[158],"Relational":[160],"Dynamics":[161],"Human\u2013AI":[163],"Collaboration.":[164],"Teachers":[165,197],"viewed":[166],"supportive":[170],"enhances":[173],"lesson":[174],"planning,":[175],"feedback,":[176],"instructional":[178,218],"ideas":[179],"without":[180],"replacing":[181],"human":[182],"teaching,":[183],"while":[184],"noting":[185],"risks":[186],"related":[187],"accuracy,":[189],"bias,":[190],"privacy,":[191],"academic":[192],"integrity,":[193],"student":[195],"overreliance.":[196],"emphasized":[198],"need":[200],"clear":[202],"policies,":[203],"professional":[204,223],"development,":[205],"stakeholder":[207],"engagement.":[208],"These":[209],"suggest":[211],"may":[213],"enhance":[214],"teacher":[215],"efficiency":[216],"adaptation":[219],"when":[220],"guided":[221],"by":[222],"judgment":[224],"ethical":[226],"safeguards.":[227],"Limitations":[228],"include":[229],"English-language,":[230],"ChatGPT\u2019s":[234],"rapid":[235],"evolution.":[236],"Future":[237],"research":[238],"should":[239],"update":[240],"reflect":[244],"ongoing":[245],"developments.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2026-06-11T00:00:00"}