{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7142809460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01176-5","title":"YOLOECL a lightweight model for blood cell detection in intelligent medical testing equipment","display_name":"YOLOECL a lightweight model for blood cell detection in intelligent medical testing equipment","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7142809460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01176-5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-026-01176-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01176-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01176-5","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016171817","display_name":"Enqiang Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Enqiang Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou, 253034, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou, 253034, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130895095","display_name":"Can Zhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089684","display_name":"Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/006ymvg95","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089684"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134467","display_name":"Suzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03hy9zy10","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139110","display_name":"Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03a8g0p38","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139110"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165547","display_name":"Dezhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mnjs436","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165547"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Can Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dezhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Dezhou, 253034, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dezhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Dezhou, 253034, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089684","https://openalex.org/I4210134467","https://openalex.org/I4210139110","https://openalex.org/I4210165547"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130906856","display_name":"Huimin Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huimin Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou, 253034, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou, 253034, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130879950","display_name":"Haiying Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiying Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou, 253034, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou, 253034, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130881340","display_name":"Shengtao Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengtao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou, 253034, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou, 253034, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130875175","display_name":"Minghui Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghui Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou, 253034, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou, 253034, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016171817"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1340,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1340},"apc_paid":{"value":1340,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1340},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37057134,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.8600999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.8600999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.030300000682473183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.027499999850988388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6266000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.588699996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5284000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.51910001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.5016999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4611000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-footprint","display_name":"Memory footprint","score":0.3894999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3864000141620636}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6266000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.588699996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5284000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.51910001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5016999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48969998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4611000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74912251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815727","display_name":"Memory footprint","level":2,"score":0.3894999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3864000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3718999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3522000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3416000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.2522999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-026-01176-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01176-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e9931ff0616a42d4937c50ba72cfc23f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e9931ff0616a42d4937c50ba72cfc23f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence, Vol 6, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-026-01176-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01176-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8884684443473816}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963125010","https://openalex.org/W2981082221","https://openalex.org/W3111255625","https://openalex.org/W3133153571","https://openalex.org/W3169472071","https://openalex.org/W3177052299","https://openalex.org/W3181721058","https://openalex.org/W4206467037","https://openalex.org/W4377981744","https://openalex.org/W4386071462","https://openalex.org/W4388635806","https://openalex.org/W4403062908","https://openalex.org/W4403612980","https://openalex.org/W4403770406","https://openalex.org/W4406115285","https://openalex.org/W4414949267"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"and":[1,18,30,91,98,101,142,148,192],"efficient":[2],"blood":[3,45],"cell":[4,46],"detection":[5,47],"in":[6,33,83,96],"microscopic":[7],"images":[8],"remains":[9],"challenging":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,27,73,86,114],"dense":[13,97],"object":[14],"distribution,":[15],"frequent":[16],"occlusion,":[17],"the":[19,61,84,125,159],"small":[20],"size":[21],"of":[22],"platelets,":[23],"which":[24,59],"often":[25],"lead":[26],"missed":[28],"detections":[29],"redundant":[31],"computations":[32],"existing":[34],"detectors.":[35],"To":[36],"address":[37],"these":[38],"issues,":[39],"we":[40],"propose":[41],"YOLO-ECL,":[42],"a":[43,103,111],"lightweight":[44,147],"framework":[48],"built":[49],"upon":[50],"YOLOv11n.":[51],"YOLO-ECL":[52,133],"introduces":[53],"three":[54],"targeted":[55],"improvements:":[56],"(i)":[57],"C3k2_EMBC,":[58],"replaces":[60],"original":[62],"C3k2":[63],"backbone":[64],"module":[65],"by":[66],"integrating":[67],"MBConv":[68],"with":[69,110,137,185],"Squeeze-and-Excitation":[70],"(SE)":[71],"attention":[72],"enhance":[74],"fine-grained":[75],"feature":[76],"extraction":[77],"for":[78],"minute":[79],"cells;":[80],"(ii)":[81],"ContextGuidedBlock_Down":[82],"neck":[85],"jointly":[87],"model":[88],"local":[89],"cues":[90],"surrounding":[92],"context,":[93],"improving":[94],"robustness":[95],"overlapping":[99],"regions;":[100],"(iii)":[102],"Lightweight":[104],"Shared":[105],"Convolutional":[106],"Detection":[107],"head":[108],"(LSCD)":[109],"scale":[112],"layer":[113],"reduce":[115],"parameter":[116],"redundancy":[117],"while":[118],"preserving":[119],"multi-scale":[120],"representation.":[121],"Extensive":[122],"experiments":[123],"on":[124,158,169],"BCCD":[126],"dataset":[127,161],"(1344":[128],"images;":[129],"RBC/WBC/platelet)":[130],"show":[131],"that":[132],"achieves":[134],"95.8%":[135],"mAP@0.5":[136],"only":[138],"2.50":[139],"M":[140],"parameters":[141],"6.1":[143],"GFLOPs,":[144],"outperforming":[145],"representative":[146],"mainstream":[149],"YOLO":[150],"variants":[151],"under":[152],"comparable":[153],"settings.":[154],"Moreover,":[155],"cross-domain":[156],"evaluation":[157],"LISC":[160],"demonstrates":[162],"improved":[163],"generalization,":[164],"reaching":[165],"86.2%":[166],"mAP@0.5.Deployment":[167],"results":[168],"embedded":[170],"platforms":[171],"(Jetson":[172],"Nano,":[173],"RK3588,":[174],"Snapdragon":[175],"8":[176],"Gen":[177],"2)":[178],"confirm":[179],"real-time":[180],"inference":[181],"(\u2265":[182],"25":[183],"FPS)":[184],"low":[186],"energy":[187],"consumption":[188],"(<":[189,196],"0.25":[190],"J/image)":[191],"limited":[193],"memory":[194],"footprint":[195],"600":[197],"MB),":[198],"supporting":[199],"practical":[200],"integration":[201],"into":[202],"portable":[203],"intelligent":[204],"medical":[205],"testing":[206],"equipment.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2026-03-30T00:00:00"}