{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154631312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01159-6","title":"An evaluation of ambient artificial intelligence scribes at two academic medical centers","display_name":"An evaluation of ambient artificial intelligence scribes at two academic medical centers","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154631312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01159-6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-026-01159-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01159-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01159-6","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049837586","display_name":"Jacob Franklin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jacob Franklin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017978921","display_name":"Ling Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4076-0923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133731810","display_name":"Samuel A. McDonald","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel A. McDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055207591","display_name":"Robert W. Turer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1387-640X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert W. Turer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049542698","display_name":"J. W. Webb","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janet Webb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133825665","display_name":"Bryan D. Steitz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryan D. Steitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091526589","display_name":"\u827a\u8c6a \u6768","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyang Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011155701","display_name":"Qingxia Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0507-1847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingxia Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086954690","display_name":"Allison B. McCoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2292-9147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allison B. McCoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133750102","display_name":"Carolynn Nall","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carolynn Nall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health IT, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health IT, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133774885","display_name":"Catherine Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133815762","display_name":"Justin F. Rousseau","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096815","display_name":"Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00t9vx427","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096815"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin F. Rousseau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology and Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology and Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096815","https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060153949","display_name":"Christoph U. Lehmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9559-4646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph U. Lehmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133827374","display_name":"Duwayne L. Willett","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duwayne L. Willett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA","IR Health Systems, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IR Health Systems, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018279358","display_name":"Yaa Kumah-Crystal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0854-856X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaa A. Kumah-Crystal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133748923","display_name":"Dara E. Mize","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dara E. Mize","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049837586"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"],"apc_list":{"value":1340,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1340},"apc_paid":{"value":1340,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1340},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3842639,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.16259999573230743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.16259999573230743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.15000000596046448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.09769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applications-of-artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","score":0.23890000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection","display_name":"Data collection","score":0.2378000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambient-intelligence","display_name":"Ambient intelligence","score":0.22849999368190765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.22089999914169312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.534500002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41940000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157170001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781507","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.23890000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.23829999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.2378000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201638289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q457396","display_name":"Ambient intelligence","level":2,"score":0.22849999368190765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.22089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.21490000188350677}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-026-01159-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01159-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eff9fd3592684e02beea8e4901acebd3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eff9fd3592684e02beea8e4901acebd3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence, Vol 6, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-026-01159-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01159-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4192756116390228,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1034281607","https://openalex.org/W2051163483","https://openalex.org/W2061935394","https://openalex.org/W2093274439","https://openalex.org/W2139056371","https://openalex.org/W2754624876","https://openalex.org/W2916187237","https://openalex.org/W2982634373","https://openalex.org/W3154790864","https://openalex.org/W4317474362","https://openalex.org/W4392363501","https://openalex.org/W4398245384","https://openalex.org/W4400905321","https://openalex.org/W4401806632","https://openalex.org/W4402308607","https://openalex.org/W4402732546","https://openalex.org/W4404063950","https://openalex.org/W4405225674","https://openalex.org/W4407758839","https://openalex.org/W4407853749","https://openalex.org/W4409505362"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ambient":[0],"artificial":[1],"intelligence":[2],"(AI)":[3],"documentation":[4,22,61,236,304],"technologies":[5],"aim":[6],"to":[7,57,168,209],"address":[8],"challenges":[9],"with":[10,67,80,146,194],"clinical":[11,59,228],"documentation.":[12],"While":[13],"earlier":[14],"studies":[15,29],"suggested":[16],"that":[17],"these":[18],"tools":[19],"may":[20],"improve":[21],"workflows":[23],"and":[24,33,63,100,114,238,271,289],"reduce":[25],"provider":[26],"burden,":[27],"most":[28],"have":[30],"been":[31],"single-center":[32],"small":[34],"in":[35],"size.":[36],"We":[37,74,135,155],"present":[38,136],"a":[39,76,182,265],"comprehensive,":[40],"multi-site":[41,277],"assessment":[42],"of":[43,53,70,111,184,279],"Dragon":[44,284],"Copilot":[45,285],"at":[46],"two":[47,81,144],"academic":[48,98],"medical":[49,215],"centers.":[50],"The":[51,108,159],"objectives":[52],"this":[54,274],"study":[55,79],"were":[56,84,101,255],"evaluate":[58],"usability,":[60],"quality,":[62],"clinician":[64,269],"satisfaction":[65,193,270],"associated":[66],"the":[68,140,143,150,195,221,259],"use":[69],"an":[71,231,280],"AI":[72,196,222,260,282],"Scribe.":[73],"deployed":[75],"cross-sectional":[77],"survey":[78],"surveys.":[82],"Participants":[83],"ambulatory":[85],"faculty":[86],"physicians":[87],"or":[88],"advanced":[89],"practice":[90],"providers":[91],"(166":[92],"total).":[93],"Clinicians":[94,219],"represented":[95],"four":[96],"different":[97],"ranks":[99],"stratified":[102],"by":[103,179,200,246,258],"specialty":[104],"into":[105,226],"three":[106],"groups.":[107],"surveys":[109],"consisted":[110],"custom":[112],"questions":[113],"validated":[115],"instruments":[116],"(Usability":[117],"Metric":[118],"for":[119,139,299],"User":[120],"Experience":[121],"[UMUX-LITE],":[122],"System":[123],"Usability":[124],"Scale":[125],"[SUS],":[126],"Physician":[127],"Documentation":[128,176],"Quality":[129],"Instrument":[130],"[PDQI],":[131],"Net":[132],"Promoter":[133],"Score\u00ae[NPS\u00ae]).":[134],"descriptive":[137],"statistics":[138],"responses":[141],"from":[142],"institutions,":[145],"differences":[147],"quantified":[148],"using":[149],"standard":[151],"mean":[152,160,183],"difference":[153],"(SMD).":[154],"analyzed":[156],"120":[157],"responses.":[158],"SUS":[161],"score":[162],"was":[163,202,217],"82":[164],"(Range":[165,205],"=":[166,171,174,187,190,206],"0":[167],"100;":[169],"SD":[170],"16;":[172],"SMD":[173,189],"0.19).":[175],"quality":[177],"evaluated":[178],"PDQI":[180],"found":[181],"36.91/50":[185],"(SD":[186],"7.78;":[188],"0.29).":[191],"Clinician":[192],"scribe,":[197,261,283],"as":[198],"measured":[199],"NPS,":[201],"30":[203],"overall":[204],"\u2212":[207],"100":[208],"100).":[210],"Overall":[211],"response":[212],"across":[213],"both":[214],"centers":[216],"mixed.":[218],"felt":[220],"scribe":[223],"fit":[224],"well":[225],"their":[227],"workflow,":[229],"reporting":[230],"improved":[232,239],"patient":[233],"encounter,":[234],"less":[235],"time,":[237],"focus":[240],"on":[241,268],"patients\u2019":[242],"needs.":[243],"Challenges":[244],"faced":[245],"clinicians":[247],"(burnout,":[248],"EHR":[249],"frustration,":[250],"work/life":[251],"balance,":[252],"cognitive":[253],"burden)":[254],"not":[256],"eliminated":[257],"but":[262],"it":[263],"had":[264],"substantial":[266],"effect":[267],"well-being.":[272],"In":[273],"first":[275],"known":[276],"evaluation":[278],"ambient":[281,303],"demonstrated":[286],"high":[287],"usability":[288],"some":[290],"favorable":[291],"clinician-reported":[292],"outcomes.":[293],"These":[294],"findings":[295],"provide":[296],"important":[297],"guidance":[298],"health":[300],"systems":[301],"considering":[302],"technologies.":[305]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2026-04-17T00:00:00"}
