{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127911105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-00896-y","title":"An IoT-driven machine learning system for real-time smart crop recommendation and optimization in precision agriculture","display_name":"An IoT-driven machine learning system for real-time smart crop recommendation and optimization in precision agriculture","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127911105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-00896-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-026-00896-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-00896-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-00896-y","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125149968","display_name":"Nitish Rupesh Sawant","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096567","display_name":"D Y Patil International University","ror":"https://ror.org/0116dk457","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096567"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nitish Rupesh Sawant","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science Engineering & Applications, D Y Patil International University (DYPIU), Akrudi, Pune, Maharashtra, 411044, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Engineering & Applications, D Y Patil International University (DYPIU), Akrudi, Pune, Maharashtra, 411044, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125180526","display_name":"Anuj Kumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096567","display_name":"D Y Patil International University","ror":"https://ror.org/0116dk457","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096567"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anuj Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science Engineering & Applications, D Y Patil International University (DYPIU), Akrudi, Pune, Maharashtra, 411044, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Engineering & Applications, D Y Patil International University (DYPIU), Akrudi, Pune, Maharashtra, 411044, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006954248","display_name":"Sangeeta Pant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6531-1561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I244572783","display_name":"Symbiosis International University","ror":"https://ror.org/005r2ww51","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangeeta Pant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune, Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune, Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125254439","display_name":"Ketan Kotecha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I244572783","display_name":"Symbiosis International University","ror":"https://ror.org/005r2ww51","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ketan Kotecha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune, Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune, Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5125180526"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096567"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41355859,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9337999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9337999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13420","display_name":"Arduino and IoT Applications","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-agriculture","display_name":"Precision agriculture","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.3635999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-sensor","display_name":"Intelligent sensor","score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.30570000410079956}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120217122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740083","display_name":"Precision agriculture","level":3,"score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6410999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6373999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.3635999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176563091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669238","display_name":"Intelligent sensor","level":3,"score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3260999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136501162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175957","display_name":"Arduino","level":2,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549605437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911","display_name":"Food security","level":3,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-026-00896-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-00896-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a0358b406536421c92c948605b150233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a0358b406536421c92c948605b150233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence, Vol 6, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-026-00896-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-00896-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8235619068145752,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2104927807","https://openalex.org/W2105103777","https://openalex.org/W2134295053","https://openalex.org/W2587466508","https://openalex.org/W2790979755","https://openalex.org/W2899709841","https://openalex.org/W2938013692","https://openalex.org/W2941590036","https://openalex.org/W2966848845","https://openalex.org/W3094149189","https://openalex.org/W3154841423","https://openalex.org/W3161575378","https://openalex.org/W4283695600","https://openalex.org/W4372271880","https://openalex.org/W4378907103","https://openalex.org/W4387251191","https://openalex.org/W4388651637","https://openalex.org/W4388948690","https://openalex.org/W4389076430","https://openalex.org/W4390052295","https://openalex.org/W4393903596","https://openalex.org/W4394597519","https://openalex.org/W4394910686","https://openalex.org/W4399882387","https://openalex.org/W4401107282","https://openalex.org/W4402167653","https://openalex.org/W4403318624","https://openalex.org/W4403675418","https://openalex.org/W4403723022","https://openalex.org/W4408400034","https://openalex.org/W4408572220"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Agriculture":[0],"is":[1,61],"essential":[2],"to":[3,24,45,103,111,138,160,192,206,228],"global":[4],"food":[5],"security":[6],"and":[7,16,28,51,67,154,173,195,203,230],"sustainable":[8],"development.":[9],"The":[10],"use":[11],"of":[12,18,58,166,188],"machine":[13],"learning":[14],"(ML)":[15],"Internet":[17],"Things":[19],"(IoT)":[20],"has":[21],"the":[22,56,59,81,89,99,109,112,123,127,131,135,143,162,170,178,180],"potential":[23],"enhance":[25],"crop":[26,41,128,167,242],"production":[27],"improve":[29],"resource":[30],"management":[31],"through":[32,116],"enhanced":[33],"precision":[34],"agriculture.":[35],"This":[36,197],"article":[37],"describes":[38],"a":[39,62,68,77],"smart":[40,207],"recommender":[42,129],"system":[43,60,198],"developed":[44],"support":[46],"both":[47],"ML-based":[48],"decision":[49],"making":[50,239],"real-time":[52,119,222],"environmental":[53,174],"sensing.":[54],"At":[55],"core":[57],"capacitive":[63],"soil":[64,172],"moisture":[65],"sensor":[66,70,90],"temperature-humidity":[69],"interfaced":[71],"using":[72],"an":[73,104,186,200],"Arduino":[74],"Nano.":[75],"Using":[76],"nRF24L01":[78],"transceiver":[79],"employing":[80],"2.4":[82],"GHz":[83],"Enhanced":[84,155],"Shock":[85],"Burst":[86],"(ESB)":[87],"protocol,":[88],"information":[91,110],"can":[92],"be":[93],"wirelessly":[94],"transmitted.":[95],"Data":[96],"collected":[97],"from":[98],"sensors":[100],"are":[101],"sent":[102],"ESP32":[105],"module":[106],"that":[107],"posts":[108],"Blynk":[113,132],"web":[114],"application":[115,133],"Wi-Fi,":[117],"allowing":[118],"remote":[120],"access.":[121],"As":[122],"data":[124,136,140,220],"source":[125],"for":[126,218],"model,":[130],"provides":[134,199],"needed":[137],"perform":[139],"analysis":[141],"on":[142,169,177],"various":[144],"ML":[145],"algorithms":[146],"(Random":[147],"Forest,":[148],"Bagging,":[149],"Decision":[150],"Tree,":[151],"Gradient":[152],"Boosting,":[153],"Gaussian":[156],"Naive":[157],"Bayes":[158],"[EGNB])":[159],"determine":[161],"most":[163],"suitable":[164],"type":[165],"based":[168],"current":[171],"conditions.":[175],"Based":[176],"analysis,":[179],"EGNB":[181],"model":[182],"showed":[183],"superiority":[184],"with":[185,190,215],"accuracy":[187],"99.55%":[189],"respect":[191],"precision,":[193],"recall,":[194],"F1-score.":[196],"economically":[201],"viable":[202],"expandable":[204],"approach":[205],"agricultural":[208],"practices,":[209],"which":[210],"integrates":[211],"cutting-edge":[212],"machine-learning":[213],"modelling":[214],"digital":[216],"tools":[217],"obtaining":[219],"in":[221,235],"(IoT).":[223],"These":[224],"capabilities":[225],"allow":[226],"users":[227],"receive":[229],"utilize":[231],"actionable,":[232],"data-driven":[233],"guidance":[234],"real":[236],"time":[237],"when":[238],"decisions":[240],"about":[241],"production.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2026-02-07T00:00:00"}