{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155628061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-00892-2","title":"A study of personalized behavior prediction for non-native English learners under the cross-modal adversarial learning framework","display_name":"A study of personalized behavior prediction for non-native English learners under the cross-modal adversarial learning framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155628061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-00892-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-026-00892-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-00892-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-00892-2","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134604334","display_name":"Yaru Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800655693","display_name":"Lyceum of the Philippines University","ror":"https://ror.org/027e56k73","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800655693"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yaru Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School, Lyceum of the Philippines University, 1000, Manila, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School, Lyceum of the Philippines University, 1000, Manila, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800655693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5134604334"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800655693"],"apc_list":{"value":1340,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1340},"apc_paid":{"value":1340,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1340},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50694174,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12260","display_name":"Educational Technology and Pedagogy","score":0.23280000686645508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12260","display_name":"Educational Technology and Pedagogy","score":0.23280000686645508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13161","display_name":"Ideological and Political Education","score":0.061500001698732376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14413","display_name":"Advanced Technologies in Various Fields","score":0.042399998754262924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.5891000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.36550000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.26510000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5891000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5778999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.40220001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.36550000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-026-00892-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-00892-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ff47da8696004da9ab3ea326325dea64","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ff47da8696004da9ab3ea326325dea64","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence, Vol 6, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-026-00892-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-00892-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7097405791282654}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016839396","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2619383789","https://openalex.org/W2883409523","https://openalex.org/W2971875451","https://openalex.org/W2993843842","https://openalex.org/W3007107944","https://openalex.org/W3032532364","https://openalex.org/W3033291431","https://openalex.org/W3039563836","https://openalex.org/W3068055688","https://openalex.org/W3164375809","https://openalex.org/W3195446119","https://openalex.org/W3205377756","https://openalex.org/W4226493412","https://openalex.org/W4250153546","https://openalex.org/W4283454860","https://openalex.org/W4285793625","https://openalex.org/W4312415095","https://openalex.org/W4323520701","https://openalex.org/W4362670371","https://openalex.org/W4376276087","https://openalex.org/W4388124548","https://openalex.org/W4390430684","https://openalex.org/W4391344488","https://openalex.org/W4391785786","https://openalex.org/W4399378193","https://openalex.org/W4400114032","https://openalex.org/W4400177645","https://openalex.org/W4400315495","https://openalex.org/W4402902070","https://openalex.org/W4403899590","https://openalex.org/W4404032044","https://openalex.org/W4404172054","https://openalex.org/W4405761372","https://openalex.org/W4406977368","https://openalex.org/W4408993183","https://openalex.org/W4410118057","https://openalex.org/W4410264725","https://openalex.org/W4410693039"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1,45,244],"proposes":[2],"a":[3],"cross":[4],"modal":[5],"adversarial":[6],"learning":[7],"framework":[8],"based":[9],"on":[10],"multi-level":[11],"feature":[12],"extraction":[13],"and":[14,41,50,53,70,80,85,106,111,196,261,264],"Transformer":[15],"CNN-LSTM":[16],"integrated":[17,239],"model,":[18],"which":[19],"is":[20,178,207,222],"used":[21],"to":[22,87,161],"analyze":[23],"the":[24,62,64,77,89,93,98,126,131,151,155,165,169,172,184,202,227,238],"emotional":[25,51],"dynamics":[26],"of":[27,128,143,171,187,204,212,257],"non-native":[28],"English":[29],"learners\u2019":[30],"classroom":[31,48],"participation.":[32],"Through":[33,198],"multimodal":[34,65,234,251],"inputs":[35],"such":[36],"as":[37],"voice,":[38],"facial":[39,71],"expressions,":[40],"behavioral":[42],"data,":[43,217,253],"this":[44,243],"predicts":[46],"students\u2019":[47],"participation":[49],"states,":[52],"improves":[54,168],"prediction":[55,96,127,156,186],"accuracy":[56,102,117,142,157,195,260],"by":[57],"integrating":[58],"these":[59],"data.":[60],"In":[61,92,125],"experiment,":[63,97],"data":[66,79,82,153,167,199,206],"was":[67],"first":[68],"binarized":[69],"expression":[72,81,129,216],"features":[73],"were":[74,83],"extracted.":[75],"Then,":[76],"emotion":[78,94,137,214,235],"weighted":[84],"fused":[86,166,205],"construct":[88],"training":[90],"dataset.":[91],"mode":[95],"model":[99,132,240,262],"had":[100,115],"high":[101,266],"in":[103,118,135,145,150,183,194,233,242,249,255],"predicting":[104,119,146],"\u201chappy\u201d":[105,147],"\u201csurprised\u201d":[107],"emotions,":[108,121,189],"with":[109,190],"99%":[110,144],"97%":[112],"respectively,":[113],"but":[114,218],"low":[116],"\u201cangry\u201d":[120],"at":[122],"about":[123],"94%.":[124],"patterns,":[130],"performs":[133],"stably":[134],"all":[136],"categories,":[138],"especially":[139,254],"achieving":[140],"an":[141],"emotions.":[148],"Furthermore,":[149],"fusion":[152,228],"mode,":[154],"ranges":[158],"from":[159],"92":[160],"97%,":[162],"indicating":[163,225],"that":[164,211,226],"stability":[170],"model\u2019s":[173,185],"sentiment":[174,252,258],"prediction.":[175,236],"However,":[176],"there":[177],"still":[179],"room":[180],"for":[181],"improvement":[182],"\u201canger\u201d":[188],"relatively":[191,223],"large":[192],"fluctuations":[193],"error.":[197],"density":[200,203],"analysis,":[201],"slightly":[208],"lower":[209],"than":[210],"single":[213],"or":[215],"its":[219],"error":[220],"range":[221],"reasonable,":[224],"strategy":[229],"has":[230,245,265],"certain":[231],"advantages":[232],"Overall,":[237],"proposed":[241],"demonstrated":[246],"good":[247],"performance":[248],"processing":[250],"terms":[256],"recognition":[259],"stability,":[263],"practical":[267],"value.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2026-04-26T00:00:00"}