{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130734415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-00841-z","title":"Targeted detection of plant disease infection levels using YOLOv8 and YOLOv9 for agricultural monitoring and public healthcare support","display_name":"Targeted detection of plant disease infection levels using YOLOv8 and YOLOv9 for agricultural monitoring and public healthcare support","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130734415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-00841-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-026-00841-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-00841-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-00841-z","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126510001","display_name":"Abdelkarim Lahmdani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088687","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Ibn Zohr","ror":"https://ror.org/006sgpv47","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088687"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdelkarim Lahmdani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Team in Engineering and Sustainable Development, ENSA, Ibn Zohr University, 80000, Agadir, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Team in Engineering and Sustainable Development, ENSA, Ibn Zohr University, 80000, Agadir, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088687"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048502516","display_name":"Abdessamad Elboushaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0233-101X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119856527","display_name":"Cadi Ayyad University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xf6nm78","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119856527"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdessamad Elboushaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Computer Engineering and Systems, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Computer Engineering and Systems, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119856527"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024329167","display_name":"Sahar Saoud","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088687","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Ibn Zohr","ror":"https://ror.org/006sgpv47","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088687"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sahar Saoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Team in Engineering and Sustainable Development, Higher School of Technology, Ibn Zohr University, 73000, Dakhla, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Team in Engineering and Sustainable Development, Higher School of Technology, Ibn Zohr University, 73000, Dakhla, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088687"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5126510001"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088687"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32404314,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9697999954223633,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9697999954223633,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.6438000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.5597000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-disease","display_name":"Plant disease","score":0.5570999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-monitoring","display_name":"Disease monitoring","score":0.5169000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pesticide","display_name":"Pesticide","score":0.5063999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-system","display_name":"Healthcare system","score":0.358599990606308}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.6438000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5597000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019235130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188956","display_name":"Plant disease","level":2,"score":0.5570999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018877446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1421432","display_name":"Disease monitoring","level":3,"score":0.5169000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161176658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131656","display_name":"Pesticide","level":2,"score":0.5063999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.44940000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.41940000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988170871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11000047","display_name":"Healthcare system","level":3,"score":0.358599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776480101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3555250","display_name":"Disease surveillance","level":3,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991700627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464067","display_name":"Fungal disease","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64502627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170065","display_name":"Pathogenicity","level":2,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985496182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1773974","display_name":"Disease prevention","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120217122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740083","display_name":"Precision agriculture","level":3,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-026-00841-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-00841-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:da4e1c2ffc9744759619417c96db1d91","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/da4e1c2ffc9744759619417c96db1d91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence, Vol 6, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-026-00841-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-00841-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.7554718852043152,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046014131","https://openalex.org/W3203464207","https://openalex.org/W4205458670","https://openalex.org/W4211256381","https://openalex.org/W4304127943","https://openalex.org/W4321457483","https://openalex.org/W4388588250","https://openalex.org/W4390638513","https://openalex.org/W4393441008","https://openalex.org/W4401871373","https://openalex.org/W4403770406","https://openalex.org/W4404632758","https://openalex.org/W4405071520"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,154],"excessive":[1],"use":[2],"of":[3,36,51,88,100,120,132,148,166],"pesticides":[4],"poses":[5],"significant":[6],"environmental":[7],"and":[8,25,48,58,122,164,178],"health":[9],"risks.":[10],"A":[11],"real-time":[12],"disease":[13,56,76,134,174],"detection":[14],"system":[15,95],"can":[16],"help":[17],"mitigate":[18],"this":[19,79,170],"issue":[20],"by":[21,160],"identifying":[22],"early":[23],"infections":[24],"applying":[26],"treatment":[27,163],"only":[28],"to":[29,61,96,151],"affected":[30,72],"areas.":[31,115,168],"Building":[32],"on":[33,45,71,85],"the":[34,49,98,108,118],"work":[35],"(P.":[37],"P.":[38],"Than),":[39],"who":[40],"conducted":[41],"an":[42],"exhaustive":[43],"study":[44],"chilli":[46],"anthracnose":[47],"pathogenicity":[50],"Colletotrichum":[52],"species,":[53],"we":[54,66,81],"utilize":[55],"severity":[57,99],"spread":[59],"indicators":[60],"enhance":[62],"dataset":[63,87],"annotation.":[64],"Specifically,":[65],"classify":[67],"infection":[68,127],"levels":[69],"based":[70],"areas,":[73],"enabling":[74,161],"precise":[75],"detection.":[77],"In":[78],"paper,":[80],"evaluate":[82],"our":[83],"method":[84,156],"a":[86,92,143],"6010":[89],"images,":[90],"implementing":[91],"three-class":[93],"classification":[94,104],"determine":[97],"fruit":[101],"infections.":[102],"This":[103],"aids":[105],"in":[106,125,130,183],"calculating":[107],"optimal":[109],"pesticide":[110,158],"quantity":[111],"required":[112],"for":[113],"specific":[114],"We":[116],"assess":[117],"performance":[119],"YOLOv8":[121,138],"YOLOv9":[123],"models":[124],"detecting":[126],"levels,":[128],"even":[129],"cases":[131],"minor":[133],"spots.":[135],"Among":[136],"them,":[137],"demonstrated":[139],"superior":[140],"accuracy,":[141],"achieving":[142],"mean":[144],"average":[145],"precision":[146,184],"(mAP)":[147],"92.7%,":[149],"compared":[150],"YOLOv9\u2019s":[152],"83.5%.":[153],"proposed":[155],"reduces":[157],"usage":[159],"targeted":[162],"containment":[165],"infected":[167],"Furthermore,":[169],"enrichment":[171],"improves":[172],"plant":[173],"understanding,":[175],"optimizes":[176],"workflows,":[177],"supports":[179],"more":[180],"informed":[181],"decision-making":[182],"agriculture.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2026-02-21T00:00:00"}
