{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154846973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00811-x","title":"Deep learning and GIS integration for plant disease diagnosis and management","display_name":"Deep learning and GIS integration for plant disease diagnosis and management","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154846973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00811-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00811-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00811-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00811-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00811-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133931907","display_name":"Waleed Maged","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129354","display_name":"Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/038d53f16","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129354"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165448","display_name":"Agricultural Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05hcacp57","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165448"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66513531","display_name":"Fayoum University","ror":"https://ror.org/023gzwx10","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66513531"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Waleed Maged","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt","National Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66513531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129354","https://openalex.org/I4210165448"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045387880","display_name":"Abdelrahman Elsayed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3381-066X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137149","display_name":"Renewable Energy Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/036gc1b60","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090535","https://openalex.org/I4210137149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92449659","display_name":"Isra University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4bt482","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92449659"]}],"countries":["JO","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelrahman Elsayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Climate Change Information Center and Renewable Energy and Expert Systems, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt","Faculty of Information Technology, Isra University, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Climate Change Information Center and Renewable Energy and Expert Systems, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Isra University, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92449659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101649654","display_name":"Rehab Mahmoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5917-6598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66513531","display_name":"Fayoum University","ror":"https://ror.org/023gzwx10","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66513531"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rehab Mahmoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66513531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133966430","display_name":"Mostafa Thabet","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66513531","display_name":"Fayoum University","ror":"https://ror.org/023gzwx10","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66513531"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa Thabet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66513531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5133931907"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129354","https://openalex.org/I4210165448","https://openalex.org/I66513531"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"fwci":10.4737,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97987749,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.7488999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.7488999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.026900000870227814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12660","display_name":"Plant Disease Management Techniques","score":0.01489999983459711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.7142999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6277999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-agriculture","display_name":"Precision agriculture","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-information-system","display_name":"Geographic information system","score":0.5687000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-integration","display_name":"Data integration","score":0.4706999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.4343999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-disease","display_name":"Plant disease","score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.4259999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.7142999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6277999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6194000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120217122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740083","display_name":"Precision agriculture","level":3,"score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.5687000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5029000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72634772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386824","display_name":"Data integration","level":2,"score":0.4706999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4343999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019235130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188956","display_name":"Plant disease","level":2,"score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4068000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.391400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.390500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3653999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.36489999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54924851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751054","display_name":"Sustainable agriculture","level":3,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665453","display_name":"System integration","level":2,"score":0.3075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12380541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58300","display_name":"Geovisualization","level":4,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203689450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2302053","display_name":"Spatial database","level":3,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00811-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00811-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00811-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e3432be6596a4c7b81aa7fb7bda9c0ff","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e3432be6596a4c7b81aa7fb7bda9c0ff","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence, Vol 6, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00811-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00811-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00811-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.7454091310501099,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7154846973.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7154846973.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084413241","https://openalex.org/W2111385512","https://openalex.org/W2161131337","https://openalex.org/W2639213461","https://openalex.org/W2795016359","https://openalex.org/W2885960660","https://openalex.org/W3005782185","https://openalex.org/W3120501616","https://openalex.org/W3131361379","https://openalex.org/W3172544793","https://openalex.org/W3199009317","https://openalex.org/W4213259402","https://openalex.org/W4286256673","https://openalex.org/W4290997076","https://openalex.org/W4312989667","https://openalex.org/W4315881565","https://openalex.org/W4400557192","https://openalex.org/W4402378266","https://openalex.org/W4410089601","https://openalex.org/W4415137063"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Plant":[1],"diseases":[2],"pose":[3],"a":[4,57,85,163,213,220],"major":[5],"threat":[6],"to":[7,100,141],"global":[8],"food":[9],"security,":[10],"particularly":[11],"in":[12,185,198,228],"agricultural":[13,200],"regions":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16],"Egypt.":[17],"This":[18,136],"study":[19],"presents":[20],"an":[21],"integrated":[22],"framework":[23,211],"that":[24,67],"combines":[25],"deep":[26,47],"learning":[27,48],"(DL)":[28],"with":[29,79,109,169,206],"Geographic":[30],"Information":[31],"Systems":[32],"(GIS)":[33],"for":[34,107,155],"the":[35,63,70,82,91,110,190,196,209],"automated":[36],"diagnosis":[37],"and":[38,43,52,56,119,127,133,151,175,192,215],"spatial":[39],"monitoring":[40],"of":[41,74,88,93,195],"tomato":[42],"potato":[44],"diseases.":[45],"Three":[46],"models":[49],"were":[50],"developed":[51],"evaluated:":[53],"DenseNet169,":[54],"MobileNetV2,":[55],"Custom-CNN":[58,83],"baseline.":[59],"Comparative":[60],"experiments":[61],"on":[62],"test":[64],"dataset":[65],"showed":[66],"DenseNet169":[68,104],"achieved":[69],"highest":[71],"evaluation":[72],"accuracy":[73,87,191],"98.24%,":[75],"followed":[76],"by":[77],"MobileNetV2":[78],"94.66%,":[80],"while":[81],"obtained":[84],"lower":[86],"82.60%,":[89],"reflecting":[90],"limitations":[92],"shallow":[94],"architectures":[95],"trained":[96],"from":[97],"scratch.":[98],"Owing":[99],"its":[101],"superior":[102],"performance,":[103],"was":[105],"selected":[106],"integration":[108,138],"GIS":[111,114],"module.":[112],"The":[113,158],"component":[115],"geotags":[116],"disease":[117,143,226],"predictions":[118],"visualizes":[120],"outbreaks":[121],"through":[122],"interactive":[123],"crop-specific":[124],"layers,":[125],"heatmaps,":[126],"temporal":[128],"tracking,":[129],"enabling":[130],"early":[131],"detection":[132],"targeted":[134],"interventions.":[135],"spatial\u2013temporal":[137],"allows":[139],"stakeholders":[140],"monitor":[142],"progression,":[144],"assess":[145],"risk":[146],"under":[147],"varying":[148],"environmental":[149],"conditions,":[150],"optimize":[152],"resource":[153],"allocation":[154],"precision":[156],"agriculture.":[157],"final":[159],"system":[160,197],"also":[161],"incorporates":[162],"bilingual":[164],"web":[165],"interface":[166],"(Arabic/English)":[167],"enhanced":[168],"Grad-CAM":[170],"visualizations,":[171],"which":[172],"improve":[173],"interpretability":[174],"build":[176],"trust":[177],"among":[178],"local":[179],"farming":[180],"communities.":[181],"Field":[182],"validation":[183],"conducted":[184],"Beheira":[186],"Governorate,":[187],"Egypt,":[188],"confirmed":[189],"practical":[193],"utility":[194],"real-world":[199],"settings.":[201],"By":[202],"integrating":[203],"AI-based":[204],"diagnostics":[205],"geospatial":[207],"intelligence,":[208],"proposed":[210],"provides":[212],"scalable":[214],"sustainable":[216],"decision-support":[217],"tool,":[218],"offering":[219],"valuable":[221],"pathway":[222],"toward":[223],"data-driven":[224],"plant":[225],"management":[227],"developing":[229],"regions.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-12T08:23:45.883708","created_date":"2026-04-19T00:00:00"}
