{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7116673815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00742-7","title":"AI-generated language in introductory physics lab reports in the first year of ChatGPT","display_name":"AI-generated language in introductory physics lab reports in the first year of ChatGPT","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7116673815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00742-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00742-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00742-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00742-7","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083101685","display_name":"K. Arvidsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9205-0918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116115565","display_name":"Schreiner University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ep9v282","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116115565"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kim Arvidsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Physics, Schreiner University, 2100 Memorial Blvd., Kerrville, TX, 78028, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Physics, Schreiner University, 2100 Memorial Blvd., Kerrville, TX, 78028, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116115565"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083101685"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116115565"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60293091,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.8578000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.8578000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.02280000038444996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.014299999922513962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.6672000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.47380000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.46869999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-language","display_name":"English language","score":0.38989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.30550000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.6672000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5293999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5133000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.47380000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46869999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.43050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987496018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1860","display_name":"English language","level":2,"score":0.38989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268696","display_name":"Qualitative analysis","level":3,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019144022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4124998","display_name":"Questions and answers","level":2,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00742-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00742-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b8e99929be9645519c63cf23f2cae7e6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b8e99929be9645519c63cf23f2cae7e6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-21 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00742-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00742-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8845035433769226,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4317553041","https://openalex.org/W4318899036","https://openalex.org/W4353007481","https://openalex.org/W4360612271","https://openalex.org/W4360846784","https://openalex.org/W4362551436","https://openalex.org/W4367051110","https://openalex.org/W4377855098","https://openalex.org/W4381805978","https://openalex.org/W4382140847","https://openalex.org/W4383815588","https://openalex.org/W4385406397","https://openalex.org/W4386317922","https://openalex.org/W4386790871","https://openalex.org/W4387414057","https://openalex.org/W4387776988","https://openalex.org/W4388108480","https://openalex.org/W4388410460","https://openalex.org/W4390175962","https://openalex.org/W4391575364","https://openalex.org/W4399390300","https://openalex.org/W4399708285","https://openalex.org/W4400400166","https://openalex.org/W4400915448","https://openalex.org/W4405183026"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"investigates":[2],"797":[3],"introductory":[4],"college":[5],"and":[6,15,33,40,80,94,120],"university":[7],"physics":[8,149],"lab":[9,28,58,150],"reports":[10,29,151],"to":[11,66,103],"find":[12],"the":[13,23,43,46,125,142,144,153],"prevalence":[14],"character":[16],"of":[17,25,48,57,74,88,127,135,148],"AI-generated":[18,108],"language":[19,52,77,109],"in":[20,55,106],"them":[21],"after":[22,45],"release":[24,47],"ChatGPT.":[26],"The":[27,97,133],"were":[30,78,101],"inspected":[31],"manually":[32,128],"using":[34],"two":[35],"AI":[36,51,64,76,98,117,131,154],"detection":[37,99,118,155],"services,":[38],"GPTZero":[39],"Turnitin.":[41],"In":[42],"year":[44],"ChatGPT,":[49],"generative":[50,63,75,130],"was":[53],"found":[54,102,129],"7.7%":[56],"reports.":[59],"Students":[60],"who":[61],"used":[62],"tended":[65],"use":[67],"it":[68],"multiple":[69],"times.":[70],"Six":[71],"qualitative":[72],"features":[73],"identified":[79],"given":[81],"labels;":[82],"verbose":[83],"generality,":[84],"fake":[85],"concern,":[86],"absence":[87],"numbers,":[89],"suspicious":[90],"formatting,":[91],"significant":[92],"\u2018waffling\u2019,":[93],"unrelated":[95],"example.":[96],"services":[100],"be":[104],"useful":[105],"detecting":[107],"as":[110,140],"they":[111],"can":[112],"highlight":[113],"suspected":[114],"sentences.":[115],"Their":[116],"scores":[119],"verdicts":[121],"generally":[122],"correlated":[123],"with":[124],"presence":[126,134],"language.":[132],"false":[136],"positives":[137],"is":[138,141],"demonstrated,":[139],"difficulty":[143],"technical":[145],"writing":[146],"nature":[147],"give":[152],"services.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-12-22T00:00:00"}
