{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415996493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00583-4","title":"Deep learning enables precision agriculture for sustainable chili pepper disease detection in Benin","display_name":"Deep learning enables precision agriculture for sustainable chili pepper disease detection in Benin","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415996493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00583-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00583-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00583-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00583-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00583-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106309682","display_name":"Mireille Gloria Founmilayo Odounfa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2099-881X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119417","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Abomey-Calavi","ror":"https://ror.org/03gzr6j88","country_code":"BJ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119417"]}],"countries":["BJ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mireille Gloria Founmilayo Odounfa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire de Biomath\u00e9matiques et d\u2019Estimations Foresti\u00e8res (LABEF), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 04, BP 1525, Cotonou, Benin"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire de Biomath\u00e9matiques et d\u2019Estimations Foresti\u00e8res (LABEF), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 04, BP 1525, Cotonou, Benin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119417"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026574967","display_name":"Castro Gb\u00e8memali Hounmenou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2306-6083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119417","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Abomey-Calavi","ror":"https://ror.org/03gzr6j88","country_code":"BJ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119417"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161954","display_name":"D\u00e9partement d'Informatique","ror":"https://ror.org/05y6rqs46","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I29607241","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4210161954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163149","display_name":"Institut de Recherche Agronomique de Guin\u00e9e","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvkv284","country_code":"GN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163149"]}],"countries":["BJ","FR","GN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Castro Gb\u00eam\u00eamali Hounmenou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guin\u00e9e, Conakry, Guinea","D\u00e9partement Informatique, Universit\u00e9 de Lab\u00e9, Lab\u00e9, Guinea","Laboratoire de Biomath\u00e9matiques et d\u2019Estimations Foresti\u00e8res (LABEF), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 04, BP 1525, Cotonou, Benin"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guin\u00e9e, Conakry, Guinea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partement Informatique, Universit\u00e9 de Lab\u00e9, Lab\u00e9, Guinea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161954"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire de Biomath\u00e9matiques et d\u2019Estimations Foresti\u00e8res (LABEF), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 04, BP 1525, Cotonou, Benin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119417"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046897336","display_name":"Kolawol\u00e9 Val\u00e8re Salako","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7817-3687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119417","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Abomey-Calavi","ror":"https://ror.org/03gzr6j88","country_code":"BJ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119417"]}],"countries":["BJ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Val\u00e8re Kolawol\u00e9 Salako","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire de Biomath\u00e9matiques et d\u2019Estimations Foresti\u00e8res (LABEF), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 04, BP 1525, Cotonou, Benin"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire de Biomath\u00e9matiques et d\u2019Estimations Foresti\u00e8res (LABEF), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 04, BP 1525, Cotonou, Benin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119417"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085008682","display_name":"Antoine Affokpon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1190-3382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119417","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Abomey-Calavi","ror":"https://ror.org/03gzr6j88","country_code":"BJ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119417"]}],"countries":["BJ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antoine Affokpon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire d\u2019Etude et de Gestion des Organismes Nuisibles des V\u00e9g\u00e9taux (LaGON), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 04, BP 1525, Cotonou, Benin"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire d\u2019Etude et de Gestion des Organismes Nuisibles des V\u00e9g\u00e9taux (LaGON), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 04, BP 1525, Cotonou, Benin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119417"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018787766","display_name":"Romain Gl\u00e8l\u00e8 Kaka\u00ef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6965-4331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119417","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Abomey-Calavi","ror":"https://ror.org/03gzr6j88","country_code":"BJ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119417"]}],"countries":["BJ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Romain L. Gl\u00e8l\u00e8 Kaka\u00ef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire de Biomath\u00e9matiques et d\u2019Estimations Foresti\u00e8res (LABEF), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 04, BP 1525, Cotonou, Benin"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire de Biomath\u00e9matiques et d\u2019Estimations Foresti\u00e8res (LABEF), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 04, BP 1525, Cotonou, Benin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119417"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106309682"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119417"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"fwci":1.8374,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89161233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13918","display_name":"Advanced Data and IoT Technologies","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.6269000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-security","display_name":"Food security","score":0.6046000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chili-pepper","display_name":"Chili pepper","score":0.4693000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-agriculture","display_name":"Precision agriculture","score":0.46239998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop","display_name":"Crop","score":0.44449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.42879998683929443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.6269000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549605437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911","display_name":"Food security","level":3,"score":0.6046000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018930857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165199","display_name":"Chili pepper","level":3,"score":0.4693000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120217122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740083","display_name":"Precision agriculture","level":3,"score":0.46239998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45570001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.45329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.44449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.42879998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39410001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019235130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188956","display_name":"Plant disease","level":2,"score":0.39250001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776242653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22907699","display_name":"Pepper","level":2,"score":0.38909998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.38760000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22508944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568174","display_name":"PEST analysis","level":2,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128383755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3816336","display_name":"Agricultural productivity","level":3,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778053290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428432","display_name":"Leaf curl","level":4,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775891814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101879","display_name":"Weed","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.25440001487731934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00583-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00583-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00583-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d40b1a0a3e9b458d9eeeee76cc810d91","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d40b1a0a3e9b458d9eeeee76cc810d91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-25 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00583-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00583-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00583-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320875","display_name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","ror":"https://ror.org/039djdh30"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415996493.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415996493.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479889705","https://openalex.org/W2270606466","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2921293103","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2964081807","https://openalex.org/W2964854982","https://openalex.org/W2970576551","https://openalex.org/W2976282159","https://openalex.org/W2985922933","https://openalex.org/W3003856454","https://openalex.org/W3140854437","https://openalex.org/W3141678200","https://openalex.org/W3156808701","https://openalex.org/W3173170759","https://openalex.org/W3173564809","https://openalex.org/W3184561696","https://openalex.org/W3194730353","https://openalex.org/W3199009317","https://openalex.org/W4200571805","https://openalex.org/W4205491934","https://openalex.org/W4220769304","https://openalex.org/W4282974753","https://openalex.org/W4283208801","https://openalex.org/W4296218720","https://openalex.org/W4296443439","https://openalex.org/W4303613882","https://openalex.org/W4310154428","https://openalex.org/W4316659617","https://openalex.org/W4318833703","https://openalex.org/W4365504037","https://openalex.org/W4368275735","https://openalex.org/W4382129564","https://openalex.org/W4382699034","https://openalex.org/W4383746436","https://openalex.org/W4385188164","https://openalex.org/W4385574951","https://openalex.org/W4385732771","https://openalex.org/W4386891052","https://openalex.org/W4387671706","https://openalex.org/W4388938019","https://openalex.org/W4389086894","https://openalex.org/W4390291506","https://openalex.org/W4390643595","https://openalex.org/W4391960551","https://openalex.org/W4393058324","https://openalex.org/W4393214839","https://openalex.org/W4395681784","https://openalex.org/W4396666895","https://openalex.org/W4398756379","https://openalex.org/W4399127312","https://openalex.org/W4399235601","https://openalex.org/W4399767830","https://openalex.org/W4401326985","https://openalex.org/W4402509861","https://openalex.org/W4404632758","https://openalex.org/W4405755974","https://openalex.org/W4407265790","https://openalex.org/W4408828554"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ensuring":[0],"food":[1],"security":[2],"is":[3,27,40],"a":[4,28,94,190],"crucial":[5],"priority":[6],"for":[7,65,139,214,244,267],"nations":[8],"worldwide,":[9],"but":[10],"plant":[11],"diseases":[12,43,144,184],"significantly":[13],"hinder":[14],"this":[15,90],"objective,":[16],"through":[17],"their":[18,153,227],"impacts":[19],"on":[20,156,256],"agricultural":[21,86,215,269],"productivity.":[22,87],"Chili":[23],"pepper":[24,250],"(Capsicum":[25],"spp.)":[26],"major":[29],"crop":[30],"in":[31,35,119,145,179,185,229],"West":[32],"Africa":[33],"including":[34,132],"Benin.":[36,120],"However,":[37],"its":[38,57],"production":[39],"challenged":[41],"by":[42],"such":[44,165],"as":[45,166],"anthracnose":[46],"and":[47,59,68,84,108,137,170,181,197,206,221,262],"Tomato":[48],"Yellow":[49],"Leaf":[50],"Curl":[51],"Virus":[52],"(TYLCV)":[53],"which":[54],"severely":[55],"impact":[56],"yields":[58],"farmer":[60],"livelihoods.":[61],"While":[62],"traditional":[63],"methods":[64],"disease":[66,230,264],"detection":[67,247],"management":[69],"have":[70],"been":[71],"commonly":[72],"used,":[73],"they":[74],"are":[75],"no":[76],"longer":[77],"sufficient":[78],"to":[79,151,159],"combat":[80],"rising":[81],"pest":[82],"infestations":[83],"declining":[85],"To":[88],"tackle":[89],"issue,":[91],"we":[92],"built":[93],"comprehensive":[95],"dataset":[96],"of":[97,100,105,111,126,142,162,195,199,248],"213":[98],"images":[99,104,110],"anthracnose-affected":[101],"leaves,":[102,107,113],"202":[103],"TYLCV-infected":[106],"119":[109],"healthy":[112],"collected":[114],"under":[115],"diverse":[116],"environmental":[117],"conditions":[118],"The":[121],"study":[122],"compared":[123],"the":[124,140],"performance":[125],"thirteen":[127],"(13)":[128],"deep":[129,236],"learning":[130,149,237],"models":[131,178],"among":[133],"others":[134],"YOLOv8,":[135,240],"MobileNetV2,":[136],"DenseNet121":[138,222],"classification":[141,218],"chili":[143,249],"Benin":[146],"using":[147],"transfer":[148],"techniques":[150],"improve":[152],"accuracy,":[154,225],"based":[155],"values":[157],"close":[158],"one":[160],"(1)":[161],"evaluation":[163],"metrics":[164],"Accuracy,":[167],"Precision,":[168],"Recall":[169],"F1-Score.":[171],"Results":[172],"show":[173],"that":[174,235],"YOLOv8":[175,210],"outperforms":[176],"other":[177],"detecting":[180],"localizing":[182],"leaf":[183],"real":[186],"time.":[187],"It":[188],"achieved":[189,223],"mean":[191],"Average":[192],"Precision":[193],"(mAP@0.5)":[194],"0.995":[196],"mAP@0.5\u20130.95":[198],"0.941,":[200],"demonstrating":[201],"strong":[202],"generalization.":[203],"With":[204],"precision":[205],"recall":[207],"exceeding":[208],"99%,":[209],"proves":[211],"highly":[212],"reliable":[213],"applications.":[216],"Among":[217],"models,":[219,238],"MobileNetV2":[220],"96.25%":[224],"confirming":[226],"effectiveness":[228],"classification.":[231],"Our":[232],"findings":[233],"demonstrate":[234],"particularly":[239],"hold":[241],"immense":[242],"potential":[243],"real-time,":[245],"automated":[246],"diseases.":[251],"Future":[252],"research":[253],"should":[254],"focus":[255],"expanding":[257],"datasets,":[258],"integrating":[259],"climatic":[260],"variations,":[261],"improving":[263],"severity":[265],"assessment":[266],"enhanced":[268],"sustainability.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-11-07T00:00:00"}
