{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414664034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00517-0","title":"A comprehensive review of AI-powered grading and tailored feedback in universities","display_name":"A comprehensive review of AI-powered grading and tailored feedback in universities","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414664034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00517-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00517-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00517-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00517-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00517-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107138804","display_name":"Deepshikha Deepshikha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3905-1019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deepshikha Deepshikha","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107138804"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"fwci":1.2719,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8176049,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13280","display_name":"Biomedical and Engineering Education","score":0.9617000222206116,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13280","display_name":"Biomedical and Engineering Education","score":0.9617000222206116,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9498999714851379,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.945900022983551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grading","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","score":0.8148999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformative-learning","display_name":"Transformative learning","score":0.6237000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4625000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"Higher education","score":0.38420000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turnaround-time","display_name":"Turnaround time","score":0.36419999599456787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.8148999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6256999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70587473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834111","display_name":"Transformative learning","level":2,"score":0.6237000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4625000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.38420000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176553487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7855819","display_name":"Turnaround time","level":2,"score":0.36419999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018395757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379672","display_name":"Evaluation methods","level":2,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778571727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3411662","display_name":"Outcome-based education","level":3,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5395021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061410","display_name":"Program evaluation","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2565999925136566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00517-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00517-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00517-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:87f7cf6fb1eb445288cbc06e2409712b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/87f7cf6fb1eb445288cbc06e2409712b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-18 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00517-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00517-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00517-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414664034.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414664034.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2802461780","https://openalex.org/W2999792204","https://openalex.org/W3035700103","https://openalex.org/W3042160864","https://openalex.org/W3048335295","https://openalex.org/W3113108648","https://openalex.org/W3137081879","https://openalex.org/W3137265661","https://openalex.org/W3165783357","https://openalex.org/W3179330384","https://openalex.org/W3188564437","https://openalex.org/W3201077663","https://openalex.org/W4200417239","https://openalex.org/W4210814011","https://openalex.org/W4214890416","https://openalex.org/W4228997948","https://openalex.org/W4280598345","https://openalex.org/W4307871426","https://openalex.org/W4309896904","https://openalex.org/W4311464090","https://openalex.org/W4312090823","https://openalex.org/W4312211780","https://openalex.org/W4313330978","https://openalex.org/W4323354591","https://openalex.org/W4360856932","https://openalex.org/W4362581834","https://openalex.org/W4366999245","https://openalex.org/W4377041914","https://openalex.org/W4381511236","https://openalex.org/W4381586920","https://openalex.org/W4381827210","https://openalex.org/W4382515579","https://openalex.org/W4384346055","https://openalex.org/W4385878593","https://openalex.org/W4387221424","https://openalex.org/W4387369597","https://openalex.org/W4387520809","https://openalex.org/W4388516332","https://openalex.org/W4389147602","https://openalex.org/W4389793309","https://openalex.org/W4390393512","https://openalex.org/W4391072771","https://openalex.org/W4391599475","https://openalex.org/W4392408910","https://openalex.org/W4393218999","https://openalex.org/W4393338864","https://openalex.org/W4394688113","https://openalex.org/W4394817988","https://openalex.org/W4394949411","https://openalex.org/W4395468558","https://openalex.org/W4396766974","https://openalex.org/W4398243313","https://openalex.org/W4399058416","https://openalex.org/W4400098390","https://openalex.org/W4400981924","https://openalex.org/W4401387594","https://openalex.org/W4401387761","https://openalex.org/W4401405223","https://openalex.org/W4401656430","https://openalex.org/W4401656438","https://openalex.org/W4401751675","https://openalex.org/W4402192035","https://openalex.org/W4403046349","https://openalex.org/W4403106832","https://openalex.org/W4403749142","https://openalex.org/W4404895427","https://openalex.org/W4405276448","https://openalex.org/W4405407506","https://openalex.org/W4406058767","https://openalex.org/W4406985958","https://openalex.org/W4407601416","https://openalex.org/W4410129808"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Traditional":[1],"grading":[2,32],"systems":[3],"in":[4,57],"higher":[5,107],"education":[6],"face":[7],"significant":[8,55],"challenges,":[9],"including":[10,84],"time":[11],"inefficiency,":[12],"subjective":[13],"bias,":[14,86],"and":[15,33,51,64,76,93,120,126],"scalability":[16],"issues,":[17],"necessitating":[18],"innovative":[19],"solutions.":[20],"This":[21],"narrative":[22],"review":[23],"synthesises":[24],"literature":[25],"from":[26],"2018":[27],"to":[28,123],"2025,":[29],"examining":[30],"AI-powered":[31],"feedback":[34],"systems,":[35],"analysing":[36],"77":[37],"core":[38],"studies":[39],"across":[40],"multiple":[41],"databases.":[42],"AI":[43],"technologies,":[44],"particularly":[45],"machine":[46],"learning,":[47],"natural":[48],"language":[49],"processing,":[50],"computer":[52],"vision,":[53],"demonstrate":[54],"potential":[56,105],"automating":[58],"assessment":[59,101],"processes,":[60],"providing":[61],"consistent":[62],"grading,":[63],"delivering":[65],"personalised":[66],"feedback.":[67],"Benefits":[68],"include":[69],"reduced":[70],"educator":[71],"workload,":[72],"faster":[73],"turnaround":[74],"times,":[75],"enhanced":[77],"learning":[78],"experiences.":[79],"However,":[80],"critical":[81],"challenges":[82],"persist,":[83],"algorithmic":[85],"data":[87],"privacy":[88],"concerns,":[89],"lack":[90],"of":[91],"transparency,":[92],"the":[94],"need":[95],"for":[96,106],"human":[97,115],"oversight.":[98],"While":[99],"AI-driven":[100],"tools":[102],"offer":[103],"transformative":[104],"education,":[108],"successful":[109],"implementation":[110],"requires":[111],"careful":[112],"integration":[113],"with":[114],"expertise,":[116],"robust":[117],"ethical":[118],"frameworks,":[119],"continuous":[121],"validation":[122],"ensure":[124],"equitable":[125],"effective":[127],"educational":[128],"outcomes.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-12T07:58:50.170612","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}