{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413207889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00467-7","title":"Personalized learning path optimization based on enhanced deep neural network: higher education teaching model integrating learner behavior and cognitive style","display_name":"Personalized learning path optimization based on enhanced deep neural network: higher education teaching model integrating learner behavior and cognitive style","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413207889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00467-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00467-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00467-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00467-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00467-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011939074","display_name":"Xiaomei Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8147-3149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomei Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Anhui Wenda University of Information Engineering, Hefei, 231201, Anhui, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Anhui Wenda University of Information Engineering, Hefei, 231201, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090678958","display_name":"Hao Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9851-7187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaibao Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Anhui Wenda University of Information Engineering, Hefei, 231201, Anhui, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Anhui Wenda University of Information Engineering, Hefei, 231201, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101596477","display_name":"Fei Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7875-5647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Anhui Wenda University of Information Engineering, Hefei, 231201, Anhui, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Anhui Wenda University of Information Engineering, Hefei, 231201, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026901078","display_name":"Lihong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8565-1333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Anhui Wenda University of Information Engineering, Hefei, 231201, Anhui, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Anhui Wenda University of Information Engineering, Hefei, 231201, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011939074"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"fwci":0.6868,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78264439,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9718999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9718999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13693","display_name":"Smart Systems and Machine Learning","score":0.9490000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13812","display_name":"AI and HR Technologies","score":0.9455999732017517,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-learning","display_name":"Personalized learning","score":0.6393532752990723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.6321282386779785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.6260549426078796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6165638566017151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5973184108734131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-style","display_name":"Cognitive style","score":0.5912346839904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5371478199958801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5170212984085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4313647747039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.3566156029701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.33499425649642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.31857067346572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-method","display_name":"Teaching method","score":0.2963986396789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.1583864986896515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooperative-learning","display_name":"Cooperative learning","score":0.13223326206207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.12394532561302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-learning","display_name":"Open learning","score":0.08537149429321289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.05767512321472168}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142039133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3620943","display_name":"Personalized learning","level":5,"score":0.6393532752990723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.6321282386779785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6260549426078796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6165638566017151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5973184108734131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150681269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2380771","display_name":"Cognitive style","level":3,"score":0.5912346839904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5371478199958801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5170212984085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4313647747039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3566156029701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33499425649642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.31857067346572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.2963986396789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1583864986896515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51672120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303446","display_name":"Cooperative learning","level":3,"score":0.13223326206207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12394532561302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15122004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q385756","display_name":"Open learning","level":4,"score":0.08537149429321289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.05767512321472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00467-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00467-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00467-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4ee07dc20c7e475f90ee954aafdad4cd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4ee07dc20c7e475f90ee954aafdad4cd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-19 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00467-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00467-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00467-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413207889.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413207889.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031842967","https://openalex.org/W2070526812","https://openalex.org/W2152205954","https://openalex.org/W2891447705","https://openalex.org/W2891595252","https://openalex.org/W2896827527","https://openalex.org/W2906295032","https://openalex.org/W2914907363","https://openalex.org/W2922296866","https://openalex.org/W2922600782","https://openalex.org/W3012066402","https://openalex.org/W3017974683","https://openalex.org/W3024761859","https://openalex.org/W3045059767","https://openalex.org/W3115597439","https://openalex.org/W3130343671","https://openalex.org/W3133814152","https://openalex.org/W3159409425","https://openalex.org/W3166958512","https://openalex.org/W3168738617","https://openalex.org/W3194117415","https://openalex.org/W4206083568","https://openalex.org/W4210278526","https://openalex.org/W4214887250","https://openalex.org/W4283160467","https://openalex.org/W4308334020","https://openalex.org/W4312659064","https://openalex.org/W4380537148","https://openalex.org/W4389919161","https://openalex.org/W4390937013","https://openalex.org/W4396737882","https://openalex.org/W4400319540"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356229341","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2349768204","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W4313326281","https://openalex.org/W574867512","https://openalex.org/W2387271333","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W581389233","https://openalex.org/W2372922445"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"information":[1],"technology":[2],"and":[3,20,37,56,59,62,106,109,130,151,164,202,221,268,276,280],"artificial":[4],"intelligence":[5],"advance":[6],"rapidly,":[7],"personalized":[8,77,134,156,242,256],"learning":[9,21,78,135,157,179,243,257,272],"has":[10],"emerged":[11],"as":[12],"a":[13,94,110],"key":[14],"approach":[15],"to":[16,50,92,102,121,154,197],"enhancing":[17],"teaching":[18],"quality":[19],"outcomes":[22],"in":[23,98,117,143,173,178,190,205,251,274,283],"higher":[24],"education.":[25],"Current":[26],"research":[27],"considers":[28],"behavior":[29],"or":[30],"cognitive":[31,107,152,269],"style":[32],"separately,":[33],"lacks":[34,60],"effective":[35,73],"integration,":[36],"traditional":[38],"methods":[39],"are":[40],"mostly":[41],"based":[42],"on":[43,241],"static":[44],"analysis,":[45],"which":[46],"makes":[47],"it":[48],"difficult":[49],"cope":[51],"with":[52,160],"students'":[53],"dynamic":[54,131],"needs":[55],"real-time":[57],"feedback,":[58],"flexibility":[61],"adaptability.":[63],"To":[64],"address":[65],"the":[66,89,99,118,128,140,161,165,171,185,187,195,206,222],"above":[67],"problems,":[68],"this":[69,144,174,191],"paper":[70,192],"designs":[71],"an":[72],"model":[74,87,141,163,172,188,248,261],"for":[75,255],"optimizing":[76],"paths":[79,244,273],"using":[80],"Enhanced":[81],"Deep":[82,166],"Neural":[83],"Networks":[84],"(EDNN).":[85],"The":[86,209,232,260],"adopts":[88],"Actor-Critic":[90],"framework":[91],"introduce":[93],"multilayer":[95],"perceptron":[96],"(MLP)":[97],"Actor":[100],"part":[101,120],"fuse":[103],"behavioral":[104,149,266],"data":[105,150,267],"style,":[108],"long":[111],"short-term":[112],"memory":[113],"(LSTM)":[114],"neural":[115,238],"network":[116],"Critic":[119],"process":[122],"time":[123,214,228],"series":[124],"data,":[125],"thereby":[126],"realizing":[127],"selection":[129],"adjustment":[132,226],"of":[133,215,235,253],"paths.":[136,158],"Experiments":[137],"show":[138],"that":[139],"proposed":[142],"study":[145,175],"can":[146,193,262],"integrate":[147,264],"learners'":[148,265],"styles":[153],"optimize":[155],"Compared":[159],"Q-learning":[162,167],"Network":[168],"(DQN)":[169],"model,":[170],"is":[176,218,229,245],"superior":[177],"speed,":[180],"stability,":[181],"adaptability,":[182],"etc.":[183],"During":[184],"experiment,":[186],"studied":[189],"reduce":[194],"loss":[196],"0.1":[198],"after":[199],"40":[200],"iterations":[201],"converge":[203],"quickly":[204],"later":[207],"stage.":[208],"shortest":[210,223],"average":[211,224],"feedback":[212],"response":[213,279],"100":[216],"experiments":[217],"1.123":[219],"s,":[220],"path":[225,258],"calculation":[227],"2.010":[230],"s.":[231],"recommendation":[233],"effect":[234],"different":[236],"deep":[237],"networks":[239],"(DNN)":[240],"analyzed.":[246],"This":[247],"outperforms":[249],"others":[250],"terms":[252],"accuracy":[254],"recommendations.":[259],"efficiently":[263],"styles,":[270],"adjust":[271],"real-time,":[275],"demonstrate":[277],"rapid":[278],"optimization":[281],"capabilities":[282],"practical":[284],"applications.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}