{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412786703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00428-0","title":"Multi-objective: hybrid particle swarm optimization with firefly algorithm for feature selection with Leaky ReLU","display_name":"Multi-objective: hybrid particle swarm optimization with firefly algorithm for feature selection with Leaky ReLU","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412786703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00428-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00428-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00428-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00428-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00428-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027506853","display_name":"Ashish Kumar Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6604-4688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152869788","display_name":"Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04dp7tp96","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152869788"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ashish Kumar Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Department, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP, 100190, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Department, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP, 100190, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152869788"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100997773","display_name":"Anoj Kumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152869788","display_name":"Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04dp7tp96","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152869788"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anoj Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Department, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP, 100190, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Department, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP, 100190, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152869788"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027506853"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152869788"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"fwci":24.2528,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99380015,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firefly-algorithm","display_name":"Firefly algorithm","score":0.9421977996826172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.7692409753799438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firefly-protocol","display_name":"Firefly protocol","score":0.6909115314483643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.6089224815368652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","score":0.6018913388252258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5915601253509521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5666176676750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5400429964065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5157690048217773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","score":0.4572162330150604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4559633433818817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.45581263303756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3629482686519623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2733883261680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.117176353931427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154982244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5451844","display_name":"Firefly algorithm","level":3,"score":0.9421977996826172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.7692409753799438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107477482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22570039","display_name":"Firefly protocol","level":2,"score":0.6909115314483643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.6089224815368652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122357587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934508","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","level":3,"score":0.6018913388252258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5915601253509521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5666176676750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5400429964065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5157690048217773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.4572162330150604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4559633433818817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.45581263303756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3629482686519623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2733883261680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.117176353931427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00428-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00428-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00428-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:da565409bbdf41d4bc5a5a193a57c5f2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/da565409bbdf41d4bc5a5a193a57c5f2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-24 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00428-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00428-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00428-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412786703.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412786703.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W202510507","https://openalex.org/W275997676","https://openalex.org/W1167218379","https://openalex.org/W1418108976","https://openalex.org/W1943584070","https://openalex.org/W1965202052","https://openalex.org/W2090484275","https://openalex.org/W2101008160","https://openalex.org/W2101417638","https://openalex.org/W2125213524","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2154950655","https://openalex.org/W2169250298","https://openalex.org/W2586624001","https://openalex.org/W2639370877","https://openalex.org/W2910187679","https://openalex.org/W2945403926","https://openalex.org/W2974173314","https://openalex.org/W3044416185","https://openalex.org/W3140974591","https://openalex.org/W4211038340","https://openalex.org/W4256561644","https://openalex.org/W4288045605","https://openalex.org/W4308159902","https://openalex.org/W4320487090","https://openalex.org/W4383220521","https://openalex.org/W4392130001","https://openalex.org/W4396634096","https://openalex.org/W4400198199","https://openalex.org/W4401281174","https://openalex.org/W4401733243"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2222304693","https://openalex.org/W1599691202","https://openalex.org/W4200439108","https://openalex.org/W2940563633","https://openalex.org/W2490269892","https://openalex.org/W2757862489","https://openalex.org/W2810756170","https://openalex.org/W2411884393","https://openalex.org/W2042389409","https://openalex.org/W2800786350"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-dimensional":[0],"datasets":[1],"often":[2],"pose":[3],"challenges":[4],"due":[5],"to":[6,33,68,142,153],"the":[7,18,52,63,91,119,131,140,163,166,188],"presence":[8],"of":[9,20,127,165,190],"numerous":[10],"irrelevant":[11],"and":[12,41,55,72,112,183,208],"redundant":[13],"features,":[14],"which":[15],"can":[16],"compromise":[17],"performance":[19],"machine":[21],"learning":[22],"models.":[23],"This":[24],"study":[25],"proposes":[26],"a":[27,193],"novel":[28],"optimization":[29],"algorithm,":[30],"LR-GPSOFA,":[31],"designed":[32],"improve":[34],"feature":[35,180,197],"selection":[36,181,198],"by":[37,135],"enhancing":[38,162],"computational":[39],"efficiency":[40,182],"classification":[42],"accuracy.":[43],"The":[44,76,125,168],"algorithm":[45,141,169],"integrates":[46],"Particle":[47],"Swarm":[48],"Optimization":[49],"(PSO)":[50],"with":[51,202],"Firefly":[53,92],"Algorithm":[54,93],"Leaky":[56,128],"Rectified":[57],"Linear":[58],"Unit":[59],"(Leaky":[60],"ReLU),":[61],"utilizing":[62],"K-Nearest":[64],"Neighbors":[65],"(KNN)":[66],"classifier":[67],"increase":[69],"processing":[70],"speed":[71],"ensure":[73,154],"accurate":[74],"classification.":[75],"reason":[77],"behind":[78],"selecting":[79],"PSO":[80],"is":[81,84,151],"that":[82],"it":[83],"well-suited":[85],"for":[86,121,196],"smaller":[87],"search":[88,98,123],"spaces,":[89,99],"while":[90,117],"(FA)":[94],"excels":[95],"in":[96,114,179,199],"larger":[97],"making":[100],"their":[101],"hybridization":[102],"particularly":[103],"effective.":[104],"By":[105],"combining":[106],"these":[107],"strengths,":[108],"LR-GPSOFA":[109,191],"improves":[110],"adaptability":[111],"randomness":[113],"particle":[115],"motion":[116],"reducing":[118],"tendency":[120],"greedy":[122],"behavior.":[124],"inclusion":[126],"ReLU":[129],"addresses":[130],"\u201cdying":[132],"ReLU\u201d":[133],"problem":[134],"preserving":[136],"non-zero":[137],"gradients,":[138],"enabling":[139],"navigate":[143],"complex,":[144],"irregular":[145],"landscapes":[146],"effectively.":[147],"A":[148],"penalty":[149],"mechanism":[150],"incorporated":[152],"convergence":[155],"even":[156],"when":[157],"no":[158],"features":[159],"are":[160],"selected,":[161],"robustness":[164],"strategy.":[167],"was":[170],"evaluated":[171],"on":[172],"eight":[173],"diverse":[174],"datasets,":[175],"demonstrating":[176],"significant":[177],"improvements":[178],"performance.":[184],"These":[185],"results":[186],"highlight":[187],"potential":[189],"as":[192],"powerful":[194],"tool":[195],"high-dimensional":[200],"data,":[201],"broad":[203],"applicability":[204],"across":[205],"various":[206],"domains":[207],"real-world":[209],"challenges.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
