{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411428908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00363-0","title":"Harnessing AI for smart manufacturing: insights from Industry 4.0","display_name":"Harnessing AI for smart manufacturing: insights from Industry 4.0","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411428908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00363-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00363-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00363-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00363-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00363-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113076828","display_name":"D. A. B. Lindberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799690218","display_name":"Waukesha County Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/01hqrfw90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799690218"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098437","display_name":"NanoAffix Science (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0as388","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel G. Lindberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Economic Insight \u00ae LLC, Wauwatosa, WI, USA","Waukesha County Technical College, Pewaukee, WI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Economic Insight \u00ae LLC, Wauwatosa, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waukesha County Technical College, Pewaukee, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799690218"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113076828"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799690218","https://openalex.org/I4210098437"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"fwci":7.2798,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96906133,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11741","display_name":"Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems","score":0.9377999901771545,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9329000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industry-4.0","display_name":"Industry 4.0","score":0.6127625703811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-manufacturing","display_name":"Smart manufacturing","score":0.5649905204772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-engineering","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","score":0.4231036901473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.39530012011528015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37674760818481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.340337872505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.33717668056488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.12428399920463562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777986313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1661989","display_name":"Industry 4.0","level":2,"score":0.6127625703811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988642114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25112020","display_name":"Smart manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.5649905204772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.4231036901473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.39530012011528015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37674760818481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.340337872505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33717668056488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.12428399920463562}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00363-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00363-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00363-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c0b34ac6c6ac4d98882a2354868bd3ee","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c0b34ac6c6ac4d98882a2354868bd3ee","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-21 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00363-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00363-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00363-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411428908.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411428908.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017855767","https://openalex.org/W2020851875","https://openalex.org/W2033912020","https://openalex.org/W2041022711","https://openalex.org/W2162484441","https://openalex.org/W2789444712","https://openalex.org/W2804936679","https://openalex.org/W2897697024","https://openalex.org/W2910976764","https://openalex.org/W2946996332","https://openalex.org/W2978195003","https://openalex.org/W2982287610","https://openalex.org/W3021644002","https://openalex.org/W3033308515","https://openalex.org/W3039095521","https://openalex.org/W3085814443","https://openalex.org/W3121420932","https://openalex.org/W3123260045","https://openalex.org/W3124166862","https://openalex.org/W3124504068","https://openalex.org/W3126041111","https://openalex.org/W3162882786","https://openalex.org/W3163624904","https://openalex.org/W3183218378","https://openalex.org/W3183517106","https://openalex.org/W3199841521","https://openalex.org/W3208024974","https://openalex.org/W4224990248","https://openalex.org/W4242664031","https://openalex.org/W4247767351","https://openalex.org/W4367180396","https://openalex.org/W4386828337","https://openalex.org/W4388962306","https://openalex.org/W4393383048","https://openalex.org/W4396227351"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2605859962","https://openalex.org/W3184091693","https://openalex.org/W4387261294","https://openalex.org/W2789411814","https://openalex.org/W4283524929","https://openalex.org/W3114672757","https://openalex.org/W4389896816","https://openalex.org/W2945357379","https://openalex.org/W4307477282","https://openalex.org/W4400143242"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"empirically":[2],"establishes":[3],"artificial":[4],"intelligence":[5],"(AI)":[6],"as":[7,53,79],"a":[8,14,24,54,80,98,108],"distinct":[9],"factor":[10],"of":[11,19],"production":[12,27],"within":[13],"macroeconomic":[15],"Industry":[16],"4.0":[17],"model":[18],"United":[20],"States":[21],"manufacturing.":[22],"Using":[23],"flexible":[25],"translog":[26],"function":[28],"estimated":[29],"on":[30,114],"monthly":[31],"data,":[32],"we":[33],"account":[34],"for":[35,56],"nonlinearities,":[36],"technological":[37],"spillovers,":[38],"and":[39,44,135,142],"complementarities":[40],"among":[41],"labor,":[42],"hardware,":[43],"AI":[45,57,76,133],"investments.":[46],"We":[47],"use":[48],"Google":[49],"Trends":[50],"search":[51],"data":[52],"proxy":[55],"adoption,":[58],"validated":[59],"against":[60],"patent":[61],"activity,":[62],"to":[63,69,93,102],"capture":[64],"cross-sectoral":[65],"spillover":[66],"dynamics":[67],"critical":[68],"general-purpose":[70],"technologies.":[71],"Our":[72],"findings":[73],"indicate":[74],"that":[75],"now":[77],"functions":[78],"separate,":[81],"productivity-enhancing":[82],"input,":[83,100],"though":[84],"its":[85],"benefits,":[86],"like":[87],"traditional":[88],"factors,":[89],"may":[90],"be":[91,129],"subject":[92],"diminishing":[94],"returns.":[95],"Labor":[96],"remains":[97],"vital":[99],"complementary":[101],"IT":[103],"capital.":[104],"The":[105],"analysis":[106],"pinpoints":[107],"structural":[109],"break":[110],"in":[111,117,139],"AI's":[112],"influence":[113],"manufacturing":[115],"output":[116],"late":[118],"2017,":[119],"aligning":[120],"with":[121],"broader":[122],"digital":[123],"transformation":[124],"trends.":[125],"Business":[126],"leaders":[127],"should":[128,137],"strategic":[130],"when":[131],"selecting":[132],"applications,":[134],"policymakers":[136],"invest":[138],"workforce":[140],"development":[141],"training":[143],"programs.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}