{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407406258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00233-9","title":"Limitations of risk-based artificial intelligence regulation: a structuration theory approach","display_name":"Limitations of risk-based artificial intelligence regulation: a structuration theory approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407406258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00233-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00233-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00233-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00233-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00233-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109004413","display_name":"L. Jones","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196829312","display_name":"La Trobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxfrp27","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lily Ballot Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026509971","display_name":"John S. Thornton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3248-8437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196829312","display_name":"La Trobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxfrp27","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julia Thornton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064845769","display_name":"Daswin De Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3878-5969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196829312","display_name":"La Trobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxfrp27","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daswin De Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109004413"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"fwci":7.6618,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96315088,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13475","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Law","score":0.9236000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.9132999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4746426045894623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4327358603477478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.340231716632843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.32872724533081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3006734251976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.18253690004348755}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4746426045894623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4327358603477478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.340231716632843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.32872724533081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3006734251976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.18253690004348755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00233-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00233-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00233-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7f043ee8c9d0407d8309febeb738f926","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7f043ee8c9d0407d8309febeb738f926","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00233-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00233-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-025-00233-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407406258.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407406258.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515810707","https://openalex.org/W1544423839","https://openalex.org/W2038281539","https://openalex.org/W2068776528","https://openalex.org/W2101419153","https://openalex.org/W2328067583","https://openalex.org/W2557671501","https://openalex.org/W2565743042","https://openalex.org/W2985463911","https://openalex.org/W2998829516","https://openalex.org/W3035322756","https://openalex.org/W3122877425","https://openalex.org/W3136366794","https://openalex.org/W3166943242","https://openalex.org/W3179143844","https://openalex.org/W3197940319","https://openalex.org/W3203392755","https://openalex.org/W3213575893","https://openalex.org/W4220657299","https://openalex.org/W4237667022","https://openalex.org/W4239127244","https://openalex.org/W4243946477","https://openalex.org/W4296285968","https://openalex.org/W4306160397","https://openalex.org/W4311524007","https://openalex.org/W4312785671","https://openalex.org/W4313384217","https://openalex.org/W4315784554","https://openalex.org/W4318484882","https://openalex.org/W4319083882","https://openalex.org/W4319299406","https://openalex.org/W4367182589","https://openalex.org/W4385985440","https://openalex.org/W4386323836","https://openalex.org/W4387439252","https://openalex.org/W4387972620","https://openalex.org/W4388716619","https://openalex.org/W4389609434","https://openalex.org/W4390856991","https://openalex.org/W4394803801","https://openalex.org/W4396514274","https://openalex.org/W4396826430","https://openalex.org/W4396990444","https://openalex.org/W4400083874","https://openalex.org/W4400121433","https://openalex.org/W4400421761","https://openalex.org/W4401245461","https://openalex.org/W4402362548","https://openalex.org/W4402551159","https://openalex.org/W4403835085","https://openalex.org/W4404340660","https://openalex.org/W4405862837","https://openalex.org/W6886169055"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"Intelligence":[1],"(AI)":[2],"is":[3,38,87],"transforming":[4],"the":[5,21,39,70,76,93,100,116,128,140,170,175,182,209,220],"way":[6],"we":[7],"live":[8],"and":[9,14,43,60,89,99,115,142,174,231],"work.":[10],"The":[11,33],"disruptive":[12],"impact":[13],"risks":[15],"of":[16,66,75,97,103,105,113,120,127,131,139,145,172,178,185,212,217],"Generative":[17],"AI":[18,26,31,36,47,72,98,114,132,162,203,218,233],"have":[19],"accelerated":[20],"global":[22],"transition":[23],"from":[24,197],"voluntary":[25],"ethics":[27],"guidelines":[28],"to":[29,160,188,193,227],"mandatory":[30],"regulation.":[32,67,234],"European":[34],"Union":[35],"Act":[37],"world\u2019s":[40],"first":[41],"horizontal":[42],"standalone":[44],"law":[45],"governing":[46],"that":[48,166],"came":[49],"into":[50],"force":[51],"in":[52,169,208,219],"August":[53],"2024,":[54],"just":[55],"as":[56,164,204],"other":[57],"jurisdictions,":[58],"countries":[59],"states,":[61],"are":[62],"navigating":[63],"possible":[64],"modes":[65],"Starting":[68],"with":[69],"EU":[71],"Act,":[73],"most":[74],"current":[77,129],"regulatory":[78],"effort":[79],"follows":[80],"a":[81,136,150,229],"risk-based":[82],"classification":[83],"approach.":[84,153],"While":[85],"this":[86,155],"prescriptive":[88],"application-focused,":[90],"it":[91],"overlooks":[92],"complex":[94],"circular":[95],"impacts":[96],"inherent":[101],"limitations":[102,141,148],"measurement":[104],"risk,":[106],"overemphasis":[107],"on":[108],"high-risk":[109],"classification,":[110],"perceived":[111],"trustworthiness":[112],"geopolitical":[117],"power":[118],"imbalance":[119],"AI.":[121],"This":[122,214],"article":[123],"contributes":[124],"an":[125,195,205],"overview":[126],"landscape":[130],"regulation,":[133],"followed":[134],"by":[135],"detailed":[137],"assessment":[138],"potential":[143],"means":[144],"addressing":[146],"these":[147],"through":[149],"structuration":[151,211,221],"theory":[152,222],"Summarily,":[154],"approach":[156,223],"can":[157],"be":[158],"used":[159],"recognise":[161],"systems":[163],"agents":[165],"actively":[167],"participate":[168],"duality":[171],"structure,":[173],"subsequent":[176],"shaping":[177],"society.":[179,213],"It":[180],"acknowledges":[181],"direct":[183],"negotiation":[184],"agency":[186],"granted":[187],"machines":[189],"alongside":[190],"their":[191],"ability":[192],"determine":[194],"understanding":[196],"given":[198],"inputs,":[199],"which":[200],"then":[201],"qualifies":[202],"active":[206],"participant":[207],"recursive":[210],"agentic":[215],"view":[216],"complements":[224],"ongoing":[225],"efforts":[226],"develop":[228],"comprehensive":[230],"balanced":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T09:09:15.849793","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}