{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404312705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00190-9","title":"Biometrics in extended reality: a review","display_name":"Biometrics in extended reality: a review","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404312705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00190-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-024-00190-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00190-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-024-00190-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-024-00190-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112724938","display_name":"Ayush Agarwal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152718","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad","ror":"https://ror.org/0509djg30","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152718"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayush Agarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, 580011, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, 580011, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152718"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073391891","display_name":"Raghavendra Ramachandra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0484-3956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raghavendra Ramachandra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gj\u00f8vik, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gj\u00f8vik, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075226614","display_name":"Sushma Venkatesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-0314"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sushma Venkatesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["AiBA AS, Gj\u00f8vik, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AiBA AS, Gj\u00f8vik, Norway","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052129812","display_name":"S. R. Mahadeva Prasanna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8135-7938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152718","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad","ror":"https://ror.org/0509djg30","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152718"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. R. Mahadeva Prasanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, 580011, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, 580011, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152718"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073391891"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"fwci":3.0716,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92935778,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.6775033473968506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31984835863113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15698370337486267}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.6775033473968506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31984835863113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15698370337486267}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-024-00190-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00190-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-024-00190-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cdca9e29ec2d4c76879746d9e8b4c8fb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cdca9e29ec2d4c76879746d9e8b4c8fb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 1-37 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-024-00190-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00190-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-024-00190-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404312705.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404312705.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":122,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46222836","https://openalex.org/W62764563","https://openalex.org/W159441755","https://openalex.org/W191940071","https://openalex.org/W1498374559","https://openalex.org/W1966264494","https://openalex.org/W1967554269","https://openalex.org/W1971392085","https://openalex.org/W1973001947","https://openalex.org/W2010504063","https://openalex.org/W2025475662","https://openalex.org/W2058362416","https://openalex.org/W2073942619","https://openalex.org/W2085243326","https://openalex.org/W2104311988","https://openalex.org/W2123299109","https://openalex.org/W2295593037","https://openalex.org/W2295719563","https://openalex.org/W2477870112","https://openalex.org/W2509662494","https://openalex.org/W2512749302","https://openalex.org/W2517933622","https://openalex.org/W2519344800","https://openalex.org/W2560215771","https://openalex.org/W2602244503","https://openalex.org/W2604290265","https://openalex.org/W2613361175","https://openalex.org/W2735153931","https://openalex.org/W2739802995","https://openalex.org/W2758291394","https://openalex.org/W2785355036","https://openalex.org/W2805366777","https://openalex.org/W2806073270","https://openalex.org/W2811426698","https://openalex.org/W2880872997","https://openalex.org/W2881632231","https://openalex.org/W2899336669","https://openalex.org/W2902836694","https://openalex.org/W2906256945","https://openalex.org/W2907757105","https://openalex.org/W2909380077","https://openalex.org/W2941240724","https://openalex.org/W2941915966","https://openalex.org/W2952080583","https://openalex.org/W2963436928","https://openalex.org/W2963460133","https://openalex.org/W2964009128","https://openalex.org/W2968157696","https://openalex.org/W2972289934","https://openalex.org/W2980272688","https://openalex.org/W2982083293","https://openalex.org/W2992432281","https://openalex.org/W3005789113","https://openalex.org/W3005890490","https://openalex.org/W3008902155","https://openalex.org/W3021393010","https://openalex.org/W3024869864","https://openalex.org/W3027366259","https://openalex.org/W3028219535","https://openalex.org/W3031452559","https://openalex.org/W3041874169","https://openalex.org/W3081100343","https://openalex.org/W3085741516","https://openalex.org/W3095874678","https://openalex.org/W3096096173","https://openalex.org/W3114965367","https://openalex.org/W3119185462","https://openalex.org/W3125253952","https://openalex.org/W3127639500","https://openalex.org/W3133635976","https://openalex.org/W3161847995","https://openalex.org/W3163443212","https://openalex.org/W3164230656","https://openalex.org/W3176503495","https://openalex.org/W3176961706","https://openalex.org/W3177698136","https://openalex.org/W3179188416","https://openalex.org/W3215995064","https://openalex.org/W3217150834","https://openalex.org/W4200569467","https://openalex.org/W4205384465","https://openalex.org/W4205717682","https://openalex.org/W4210423040","https://openalex.org/W4224238047","https://openalex.org/W4232109309","https://openalex.org/W4250490597","https://openalex.org/W4281657785","https://openalex.org/W4281801986","https://openalex.org/W4286611181","https://openalex.org/W4289830184","https://openalex.org/W4292607809","https://openalex.org/W4293154803","https://openalex.org/W4296606964","https://openalex.org/W4297663089","https://openalex.org/W4304688471","https://openalex.org/W4309172766","https://openalex.org/W4309201623","https://openalex.org/W4312532415","https://openalex.org/W4312748333","https://openalex.org/W4312972903","https://openalex.org/W4313137913","https://openalex.org/W4319017555","https://openalex.org/W4320525735","https://openalex.org/W4321232455","https://openalex.org/W4361278075","https://openalex.org/W4362496815","https://openalex.org/W4367662614","https://openalex.org/W4377984400","https://openalex.org/W4381786410","https://openalex.org/W4382239331","https://openalex.org/W4386065822","https://openalex.org/W4386075804","https://openalex.org/W4388854147","https://openalex.org/W4390872101","https://openalex.org/W4390874335","https://openalex.org/W4391645841","https://openalex.org/W4392405906","https://openalex.org/W4396680723","https://openalex.org/W4400433567","https://openalex.org/W4400811709","https://openalex.org/W4402774699","https://openalex.org/W6762207591"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W2095239294","https://openalex.org/W3147744369","https://openalex.org/W2062586268","https://openalex.org/W2019582947"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"the":[2,36,60,67,79,107,111,138,162,175],"domain":[3],"of":[4,39,59,62,78,82,90,140,177],"Extended":[5],"Reality":[6,10],"(XR),":[7],"particularly":[8],"Virtual":[9],"(VR),":[11],"extensive":[12],"research":[13],"has":[14],"been":[15],"devoted":[16],"to":[17,45,171],"harnessing":[18],"this":[19,71],"transformative":[20],"technology":[21],"in":[22,41,66,92,102,110,126,147,151,174,179],"various":[23],"real-world":[24],"applications.":[25],"However,":[26],"a":[27,56,75,93,132],"critical":[28],"challenge":[29],"that":[30,143,169],"must":[31],"be":[32,172],"addressed":[33,173],"before":[34],"unleashing":[35],"full":[37],"potential":[38,166],"XR":[40,68,104,127,152],"practical":[42],"scenarios":[43],"is":[44,129],"ensure":[46],"robust":[47],"security":[48],"and":[49,88,121,165],"safeguard":[50],"user":[51],"privacy.":[52],"This":[53],"paper":[54],"presents":[55],"systematic":[57],"survey":[58],"utility":[61],"biometric":[63,83,99,149],"characteristics":[64],"applied":[65],"environment.":[69,95],"To":[70],"end,":[72],"we":[73,160],"present":[74],"comprehensive":[76,117],"overview":[77],"different":[80,98,141],"types":[81],"modalities":[84],"used":[85],"for":[86,106],"authentication":[87,150],"representation":[89],"users":[91],"virtual":[94],"We":[96,135],"discuss":[97,137,161],"vulnerability":[100],"gateways":[101],"general":[103],"systems":[105],"first":[108],"time":[109],"literature":[112],"along":[113],"with":[114,131,155],"taxonomy.":[115,134],"A":[116],"discussion":[118],"on":[119],"generating":[120],"authenticating":[122],"biometric-based":[123],"photorealistic":[124],"avatars":[125],"environments":[128,153],"presented":[130],"stringent":[133],"also":[136],"availability":[139],"datasets":[142],"are":[144],"widely":[145],"employed":[146],"evaluating":[148],"together":[154],"performance":[156],"evaluation":[157],"metrics.":[158],"Finally,":[159],"open":[163],"challenges":[164],"future":[167],"work":[168],"need":[170],"field":[176],"biometrics":[178],"XR.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T17:19:04.345684","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}