{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404278593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00189-2","title":"ChatGPT versus Google Gemini: a comparison to evaluate patient education guide created on common neurological disorders","display_name":"ChatGPT versus Google Gemini: a comparison to evaluate patient education guide created on common neurological disorders","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404278593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00189-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-024-00189-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00189-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-024-00189-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-024-00189-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Vidith Phillips","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vidith Phillips","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biomedical Informatics & Data Science Institute, School of Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biomedical Informatics & Data Science Institute, School of Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114605281","display_name":"Fadi Kiryakoza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12150220","display_name":"University of Mosul","ror":"https://ror.org/039cf4q47","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12150220"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fadi Kiryakoza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ibn Sena Teaching Hospital, Mosul, Iraq"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ibn Sena Teaching Hospital, Mosul, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12150220"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101940741","display_name":"Shamsul Arefin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8181-8431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334287468","display_name":"Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/05y3qh794","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334287468"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shamsul Arefin","raw_affiliation_strings":["NHS Trust, Nottingham Univesity Hospitals, Nottingham, England"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NHS Trust, Nottingham Univesity Hospitals, Nottingham, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334287468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nishtha Choudhary","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nishtha Choudhary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000460454","display_name":"RENAT F . GARIFULLIN","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renat Garifullin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"fwci":0.3465,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65079266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13555","display_name":"Healthcare cost, quality, practices","score":0.9387000203132629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4259325861930847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"Medical education","score":0.4014233350753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.38032644987106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics","display_name":"Medical physics","score":0.3227287530899048}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4259325861930847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4014233350753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.38032644987106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.3227287530899048}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-024-00189-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00189-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-024-00189-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1e73ddb4e2ee4cbe9eab111e71cdf6db","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1e73ddb4e2ee4cbe9eab111e71cdf6db","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-024-00189-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00189-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-024-00189-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404278593.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969450086","https://openalex.org/W2009466922","https://openalex.org/W2045424232","https://openalex.org/W2137565553","https://openalex.org/W2171046193","https://openalex.org/W2907419143","https://openalex.org/W3025011581","https://openalex.org/W3199921441","https://openalex.org/W3209901185","https://openalex.org/W4361282369","https://openalex.org/W4362697520","https://openalex.org/W4365512576","https://openalex.org/W4368275176","https://openalex.org/W4368367885","https://openalex.org/W4380893785","https://openalex.org/W4380995257","https://openalex.org/W4382774929","https://openalex.org/W4385242971","https://openalex.org/W4385910049","https://openalex.org/W4388162762","https://openalex.org/W4388745175","https://openalex.org/W4390347092","https://openalex.org/W4390521368","https://openalex.org/W4391485131","https://openalex.org/W4391815795","https://openalex.org/W4394593497"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W4389568370","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2080531066","https://openalex.org/W3108674512","https://openalex.org/W1506200166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Introduction":[1],"This":[2,158,170],"study":[3,49,116,159],"assesses":[4],"the":[5,16,44,132],"effectiveness":[6],"of":[7,38,112],"AI":[8,64,95,134,183],"tools,":[9],"ChatGPT":[10,66,140,161],"and":[11,26,28,36,60,67,78,105,191],"Google":[12,68,163],"Gemini,":[13],"in":[14,88,121,149,165,175],"educating":[15],"public":[17],"about":[18],"neurological":[19],"conditions":[20,193],"such":[21],"as":[22],"Bell\u2019s":[23,56],"palsy,":[24,57],"Tetanus,":[25],"Headaches,":[27],"assess":[29],"chatbot-generated":[30],"patient":[31,52,179,199],"guides":[32],"based":[33],"on":[34],"readability":[35,166],"ease":[37,103,144],"understanding.":[39],"Methodology":[40],"In":[41],"March":[42],"2024,":[43],"authors":[45],"conducted":[46],"a":[47,79],"cross-sectional":[48],"to":[50,187,194],"develop":[51],"education":[53,180,200],"brochures":[54],"for":[55,83],"Tetanus":[58],"vaccination,":[59],"Persistent":[61],"Headache,":[62],"leveraging":[63],"models":[65,96],"Gemini.":[69],"The":[70,100,115],"brochures\u2019":[71],"quality":[72],"was":[73,107],"assessed":[74],"through":[75],"readability,":[76],"similarity,":[77],"modified":[80],"DISCERN":[81],"score":[82,104],"reliability.":[84],"Statistical":[85],"analysis,":[86],"performed":[87],"R":[89],"software,":[90],"compared":[91],"responses":[92],"from":[93],"both":[94],"using":[97,109],"unpaired":[98],"T-tests.":[99],"correlation":[101],"between":[102,131],"reliability":[106],"explored":[108],"Pearson\u2019s":[110],"Coefficient":[111],"Correlation.":[113],"Results":[114],"revealed":[117],"no":[118],"significant":[119],"variances":[120],"word":[122],"count,":[123,125],"sentence":[124,130],"or":[126],"average":[127],"words":[128],"per":[129],"two":[133],"tools.":[135],"However,":[136],"materials":[137],"generated":[138],"by":[139],"exhibited":[141],"significantly":[142],"higher":[143],"scores,":[145],"highlighting":[146],"its":[147],"proficiency":[148],"creating":[150,176],"more":[151,177,189],"understandable":[152,178],"content":[153],"(p":[154],"&lt;":[155],"0.05).":[156],"Conclusions":[157],"finds":[160],"outperforms":[162],"Gemini":[164],"despite":[167],"similar":[168],"metrics.":[169],"suggests":[171],"ChatGPT's":[172],"potential":[173],"superiority":[174],"materials.":[181],"As":[182],"advances,":[184],"it\u2019s":[185],"essential":[186],"research":[188],"tools":[190],"medical":[192],"ensure":[195],"they":[196],"meet":[197],"diverse":[198],"needs.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
