{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392545028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00108-5","title":"Standardized nomenclature for litigational legal prompting in generative language models","display_name":"Standardized nomenclature for litigational legal prompting in generative language models","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392545028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00108-5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-024-00108-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00108-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-024-00108-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-024-00108-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083735928","display_name":"Aditya Sivakumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aditya Sivakumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCLA School of Law, UCLA School of Public Policy, UCLA School of Engineering, Los Angeles, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCLA School of Law, UCLA School of Public Policy, UCLA School of Engineering, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031503844","display_name":"Ben Gelman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1184-4116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196677622","display_name":"New York Law School","ror":"https://ror.org/011yp0a52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196677622"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Gelman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia Law School, New York, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia Law School, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196677622"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112146509","display_name":"Robert Simmons","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Simmons","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCLA School of Law, Los Angeles, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCLA School of Law, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083735928"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"fwci":9.0833,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97141374,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.941100001335144,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14012","display_name":"Comparative and International Law Studies","score":0.9329000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.6928713321685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6022114753723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5028180480003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.48520877957344055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.47275644540786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nomenclature","display_name":"Nomenclature","score":0.4450645446777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.4437513053417206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37229815125465393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.36966657638549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.35967928171157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2137208878993988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.1632959544658661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08990654349327087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.6928713321685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6022114753723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5028180480003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.48520877957344055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47275644540786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C514705636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863247","display_name":"Nomenclature","level":3,"score":0.4450645446777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.4437513053417206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37229815125465393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.36966657638549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.35967928171157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2137208878993988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.1632959544658661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08990654349327087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-024-00108-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00108-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-024-00108-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0d6173d27e984cfc8d49e4533c686ac7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0d6173d27e984cfc8d49e4533c686ac7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-024-00108-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00108-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-024-00108-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392545028.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4309674289","https://openalex.org/W4313384047","https://openalex.org/W4320009668"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378767206","https://openalex.org/W1540871478","https://openalex.org/W328308450","https://openalex.org/W282641168","https://openalex.org/W2376963063","https://openalex.org/W2066396794","https://openalex.org/W2366734808","https://openalex.org/W2391444248","https://openalex.org/W2390716080","https://openalex.org/W2355065378"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"With":[1,115],"the":[2,46,99,102,130,139,149,176,184],"increasing":[3],"availability":[4],"of":[5,45,49,56,101,151,169,181],"commercial":[6],"Artificial":[7],"Intelligence,":[8],"General":[9],"Language":[10],"Models":[11],"(GLMs)":[12],"have":[13],"been":[14],"widely":[15],"explored":[16],"in":[17,69,119,148,164,183],"various":[18],"domains,":[19],"including":[20],"law.":[21],"However,":[22],"to":[23,33,173,175,188],"ensure":[24],"accurate":[25,190],"and":[26,58,79,86,112,156,179,191],"standardized":[27,84],"legal":[28,71,88,113,121,136,152,185],"results,":[29],"it":[30],"is":[31,171],"crucial":[32],"establish":[34],"a":[35,53,116,143],"consistent":[36],"framework":[37,55,66,118,140],"for":[38,145,159],"prompting":[39,153],"GLMs.":[40,94],"This":[41,95,167],"paper":[42],"presents":[43],"one":[44],"first":[47],"instances":[48],"such":[50],"nomenclature,":[51],"providing":[52],"robust":[54],"\u201cvariables\u201d":[57],"\u201cclauses\u201d":[59],"that":[60,129],"enhances":[61],"legal-focused":[62],"results.":[63],"The":[64],"proposed":[65],"was":[67],"applied":[68],"diverse":[70],"scenarios,":[72],"demonstrating":[73],"its":[74],"potential":[75],"from":[76],"both":[77],"client":[78],"attorney":[80],"perspectives.":[81],"By":[82],"introducing":[83],"variables":[85],"clauses,":[87],"professionals":[89],"can":[90,123],"effectively":[91],"communicate":[92],"with":[93,134,154],"not":[96],"only":[97],"improves":[98],"accuracy":[100],"generated":[103],"outcomes":[104],"but":[105],"also":[106],"facilitates":[107],"collaboration":[108],"between":[109],"AI":[110,125],"systems":[111],"experts.":[114],"common":[117],"place,":[120],"practitioners":[122],"leverage":[124],"technology":[126],"confidently,":[127],"knowing":[128],"results":[131],"produced":[132],"align":[133],"established":[135],"principles.":[137],"Furthermore,":[138],"serves":[141],"as":[142],"foundation":[144],"future":[146,160],"research":[147,161],"field":[150],"GLMs,":[155],"several":[157],"avenues":[158],"are":[162],"recommended":[163],"this":[165],"paper.":[166],"standardization":[168],"nomenclature":[170],"expected":[172],"contribute":[174],"wider":[177],"adoption":[178],"benefit":[180],"GLMs":[182],"field,":[186],"leading":[187],"more":[189],"reliable":[192],"outcomes.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}