{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391532004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-023-00081-5","title":"Automatic printed circuit board inspection: a comprehensible survey","display_name":"Automatic printed circuit board inspection: a comprehensible survey","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391532004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-023-00081-5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-023-00081-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-023-00081-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-023-00081-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-023-00081-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111124252","display_name":"Luis Augusto Lib\u00f3rio Oliveira Fonseca","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181391015","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wffgt70","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luis Augusto Lib\u00f3rio Oliveira Fonseca","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Ave., Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Ave., Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042858262","display_name":"Yuzo Iano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181391015","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wffgt70","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuzo Iano","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Ave., Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Ave., Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041232045","display_name":"Gabriel Gomes de Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7164-2068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181391015","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wffgt70","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Gomes de Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Ave., Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Ave., Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086582495","display_name":"Gabriel Caumo Vaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4566-1051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181391015","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wffgt70","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Caumo Vaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Ave., Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Ave., Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053902294","display_name":"Giulliano Paes Carnielli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8242-3207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181391015","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wffgt70","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulliano Paes Carnielli","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Ave., Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Ave., Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084820878","display_name":"J\u00falio C\u00e9sar Domingos Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4546-3282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181391015","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wffgt70","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00falio C\u00e9sar Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Ave., Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Ave., Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057630806","display_name":"Rangel Arthur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4138-4720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181391015","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wffgt70","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rangel Arthur","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Ave., Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Ave., Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111124252"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"fwci":7.8441,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97617815,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13270","display_name":"QR Code Applications and Technologies","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/printed-circuit-board","display_name":"Printed circuit board","score":0.8208969831466675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-optical-inspection","display_name":"Automated optical inspection","score":0.5386224985122681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-drawing","display_name":"Engineering drawing","score":0.4796731472015381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4417099356651306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4117621183395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3369870185852051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.26027435064315796}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120793396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173350","display_name":"Printed circuit board","level":2,"score":0.8208969831466675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164830781","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787330","display_name":"Automated optical inspection","level":2,"score":0.5386224985122681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.4796731472015381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4417099356651306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4117621183395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3369870185852051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.26027435064315796}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-023-00081-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-023-00081-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-023-00081-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bce2cfc99e9a449da37be2a558236671","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bce2cfc99e9a449da37be2a558236671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 1-20 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-023-00081-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-023-00081-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-023-00081-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391532004.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506026817","https://openalex.org/W1597628491","https://openalex.org/W1677502123","https://openalex.org/W1965996769","https://openalex.org/W1993864160","https://openalex.org/W1995376165","https://openalex.org/W2004241456","https://openalex.org/W2044191976","https://openalex.org/W2046434485","https://openalex.org/W2075535743","https://openalex.org/W2100832678","https://openalex.org/W2101253744","https://openalex.org/W2111589119","https://openalex.org/W2125150158","https://openalex.org/W2129403787","https://openalex.org/W2130281669","https://openalex.org/W2158289097","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2187125974","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2259304700","https://openalex.org/W2310823760","https://openalex.org/W2575493008","https://openalex.org/W2605440027","https://openalex.org/W2789841922","https://openalex.org/W2790166772","https://openalex.org/W2885417801","https://openalex.org/W2887122927","https://openalex.org/W2895572611","https://openalex.org/W2941001797","https://openalex.org/W2946975068","https://openalex.org/W2971587923","https://openalex.org/W2993222219","https://openalex.org/W3016761097","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3023646581","https://openalex.org/W3028888497","https://openalex.org/W3126955885","https://openalex.org/W3169384804","https://openalex.org/W3202287565","https://openalex.org/W4206456377","https://openalex.org/W4221149383","https://openalex.org/W4221158274","https://openalex.org/W4286355265","https://openalex.org/W4286560905"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997199353","https://openalex.org/W4362650061","https://openalex.org/W3105937001","https://openalex.org/W2969283495","https://openalex.org/W2107946198","https://openalex.org/W1560398276","https://openalex.org/W2113302376","https://openalex.org/W2155448372","https://openalex.org/W1991560917","https://openalex.org/W2183449432"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"printed":[2],"circuit":[3],"board":[4],"(PCB)":[5],"plays":[6],"a":[7],"critical":[8],"role":[9],"in":[10,127],"any":[11],"electronic":[12],"product,":[13],"and":[14,30,79,96,118,132],"its":[15],"manufacturing":[16],"quality":[17],"assurance":[18],"is":[19],"responsible":[20],"for":[21,33],"substantially":[22],"impacting":[23,68],"the":[24,44,49,56,62,66,71,106,123,128],"final":[25],"product\u2019s":[26],"price.":[27],"Hence,":[28],"research":[29],"development":[31],"(R&amp;D)":[32],"better":[34],"inspection":[35,47],"methods":[36,117],"have":[37],"been":[38],"an":[39],"internationally":[40],"growing":[41],"subject.":[42],"Regarding":[43],"multiple":[45],"PCB":[46,110],"paradigms,":[48],"visual":[50],"investigation":[51],"of":[52,58,108],"these":[53],"boards":[54],"represents":[55],"majority":[57],"modern":[59],"techniques.":[60],"Thus,":[61],"present":[63],"survey":[64],"collects":[65],"most":[67,124],"studies":[69],"over":[70],"last":[72],"25":[73],"years,":[74],"highlighting":[75],"their":[76,93],"operation":[77],"strategies":[78],"how":[80],"they":[81],"evolved":[82],"until":[83],"recently,":[84],"including":[85],"introducing":[86],"artificial":[87],"intelligence":[88],"(AI)":[89],"approaches":[90],"to":[91,105,112,114],"increase":[92],"overall":[94],"performance":[95],"lower":[97],"operating":[98],"costs.":[99],"Furthermore,":[100],"this":[101],"work":[102],"calls":[103],"attention":[104],"importance":[107],"public":[109],"datasets":[111],"contribute":[113],"developing":[115],"such":[116],"provide":[119],"benchmarking":[120],"references.":[121],"Finally,":[122],"recent":[125],"challenges":[126],"field":[129],"are":[130],"described":[131],"discussed.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
