{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3200502552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-021-00007-z","title":"Continuous detection of concept drift in industrial cyber-physical systems using closed loop incremental machine learning","display_name":"Continuous detection of concept drift in industrial cyber-physical systems using closed loop incremental machine learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3200502552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-021-00007-z","mag":"3200502552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-021-00007-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-021-00007-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-021-00007-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-021-00007-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008327881","display_name":"Dinithi Jayaratne","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196829312","display_name":"La Trobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxfrp27","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dinithi Jayaratne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064845769","display_name":"Daswin De Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3878-5969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196829312","display_name":"La Trobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxfrp27","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daswin De Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008490552","display_name":"Damminda Alahakoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3291-888X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196829312","display_name":"La Trobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxfrp27","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damminda Alahakoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070195520","display_name":"Xinghuo Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8093-9787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinghuo Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008327881"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"fwci":1.9591,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8876187,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concept-drift","display_name":"Concept drift","score":0.903260350227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.765975832939148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-stream-mining","display_name":"Data stream mining","score":0.7184172868728638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.7178999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6083968281745911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5546728372573853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.47573399543762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-stream","display_name":"Data stream","score":0.47200748324394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4707499146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.45977839827537537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-detection","display_name":"Change detection","score":0.45583462715148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4496940076351166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streaming-data","display_name":"Streaming data","score":0.4463467001914978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60777511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045002","display_name":"Concept drift","level":3,"score":0.903260350227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.765975832939148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89198739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3079880","display_name":"Data stream mining","level":2,"score":0.7184172868728638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.7178999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6083968281745911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5546728372573853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.47573399543762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778484313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172540","display_name":"Data stream","level":2,"score":0.47200748324394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4707499146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.45977839827537537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.45583462715148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4496940076351166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777611316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39045282","display_name":"Streaming data","level":2,"score":0.4463467001914978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-021-00007-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-021-00007-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-021-00007-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44163-021-00007-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-021-00007-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44163-021-00007-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220416","display_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2731-0809","issn":["2731-0809"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3200502552.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3200502552.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521272438","https://openalex.org/W1978072631","https://openalex.org/W1981328081","https://openalex.org/W1989329630","https://openalex.org/W1990079212","https://openalex.org/W2003890454","https://openalex.org/W2010657328","https://openalex.org/W2011911693","https://openalex.org/W2016159616","https://openalex.org/W2052283750","https://openalex.org/W2063598276","https://openalex.org/W2099419573","https://openalex.org/W2110729448","https://openalex.org/W2110869205","https://openalex.org/W2111813926","https://openalex.org/W2120250216","https://openalex.org/W2120652098","https://openalex.org/W2127292806","https://openalex.org/W2128544257","https://openalex.org/W2129723167","https://openalex.org/W2134312057","https://openalex.org/W2135335717","https://openalex.org/W2145898068","https://openalex.org/W2148798622","https://openalex.org/W2161863692","https://openalex.org/W2171809276","https://openalex.org/W2307884834","https://openalex.org/W2325775534","https://openalex.org/W2400995703","https://openalex.org/W2477004689","https://openalex.org/W2498093989","https://openalex.org/W2599627952","https://openalex.org/W2609848772","https://openalex.org/W2724989261","https://openalex.org/W2731510061","https://openalex.org/W2735898698","https://openalex.org/W2751543787","https://openalex.org/W2759984148","https://openalex.org/W2773696957","https://openalex.org/W2893016462","https://openalex.org/W2906708754","https://openalex.org/W2925804722","https://openalex.org/W2941258581","https://openalex.org/W2960280836","https://openalex.org/W2966150424","https://openalex.org/W2970143329","https://openalex.org/W2986500202","https://openalex.org/W3003342755","https://openalex.org/W3018201598","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W3123307985","https://openalex.org/W3135470388","https://openalex.org/W3139478953","https://openalex.org/W3156772560","https://openalex.org/W4236545471"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281572076","https://openalex.org/W4307392573","https://openalex.org/W2802243998","https://openalex.org/W2736127210","https://openalex.org/W4389449520","https://openalex.org/W2060628068","https://openalex.org/W3208495060","https://openalex.org/W2277307313","https://openalex.org/W4246591448","https://openalex.org/W2235038291"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,166],"embedded,":[2],"computational":[3],"and":[4,25,30,49,68,84,95,127,134,151,162,180],"cloud":[5],"elements":[6],"of":[7,16,27,38,70,122,147,155,168,176,183],"industrial":[8,115,153],"cyber":[9],"physical":[10,32],"systems":[11],"(CPS)":[12],"generate":[13],"large":[14],"volumes":[15],"data":[17,43,90],"at":[18],"high":[19],"velocity":[20],"to":[21,47,62],"support":[22],"the":[23,35,41,66,173,177],"operations":[24],"functions":[26],"corresponding":[28],"time-critical":[29],"mission-critical":[31],"entities.":[33],"Given":[34],"non-deterministic":[36,187],"nature":[37],"these":[39,169],"entities,":[40],"generated":[42],"streams":[44,91],"are":[45,55,81,92],"susceptible":[46],"dynamic":[48],"abrupt":[50,133],"changes.":[51],"Such":[52],"changes,":[53],"which":[54],"formally":[56],"defined":[57],"as":[58],"concept":[59,78,111,148],"drifts,":[60],"leads":[61],"a":[63,142],"decline":[64],"in":[65,77,114,159,186],"accuracy":[67],"robustness":[69],"predicted":[71],"CPS":[72,89,188],"behaviors.":[73],"Most":[74],"existing":[75],"work":[76],"drift":[79,112,149],"detection":[80,113],"classifier":[82],"dependent":[83],"require":[85],"labeled":[86],"data.":[87],"However,":[88],"unlabeled,":[93],"unstructured":[94],"change":[96,185],"over":[97],"time.":[98],"In":[99],"this":[100],"paper,":[101],"we":[102],"propose":[103],"an":[104],"unsupervised":[105,123],"machine":[106],"learning":[107],"algorithm":[108,118,179],"for":[109],"continuous":[110],"CPS.":[116],"This":[117],"demonstrates":[119],"three":[120],"types":[121],"learning,":[124],"online,":[125],"incremental":[126],"decremental.":[128],"Furthermore,":[129],"it":[130],"distinguishes":[131],"between":[132],"reoccurring":[135],"drifts.":[136],"We":[137],"conducted":[138],"experiments":[139,170],"on":[140],"SEA,":[141],"widely":[143],"cited":[144],"synthetic":[145],"dataset":[146],"detection,":[150],"two":[152],"applications":[154],"CPS,":[156],"task":[157],"tracking":[158],"factory":[160],"settings":[161],"smart":[163],"energy":[164],"consumption.":[165],"results":[167],"successfully":[171],"validate":[172],"key":[174],"features":[175],"proposed":[178],"its":[181],"utility":[182],"detecting":[184],"environments.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-04T09:04:59.091469","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
