{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416286928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43926-025-00246-x","title":"AI-driven 5G network optimization for immersive educational VR/AR applications in mobile learning environments","display_name":"AI-driven 5G network optimization for immersive educational VR/AR applications in mobile learning environments","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416286928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43926-025-00246-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43926-025-00246-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43926-025-00246-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43926-025-00246-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230675","display_name":"Discover Internet of Things","issn_l":"2730-7239","issn":["2730-7239"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Internet of Things","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43926-025-00246-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101810364","display_name":"Nguyen Hoang Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4054-1816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nyu Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Art, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530007, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Art, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038614334","display_name":"Weiheng Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129996945","display_name":"Guilin University of Aerospace Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00h1gc758","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129996945"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Art, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Art, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129996945","https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101810364"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40890625,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.1956000030040741,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.1956000030040741,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.18029999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.17759999632835388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7099000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-experience","display_name":"Quality of experience","score":0.5892000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.5799000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5267000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.44209998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slicing","display_name":"Slicing","score":0.4174000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.373199999332428}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7099000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779333187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3132648","display_name":"Quality of experience","level":3,"score":0.5892000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.5799000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5267000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.5030999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4878999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.44209998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776190703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488148","display_name":"Slicing","level":2,"score":0.4174000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.373199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.36649999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.3628999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139940560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290036","display_name":"Network simulation","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129763632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1454667","display_name":"Network management","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179618828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478119","display_name":"Self-organizing network","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43926-025-00246-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43926-025-00246-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43926-025-00246-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230675","display_name":"Discover Internet of Things","issn_l":"2730-7239","issn":["2730-7239"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Internet of Things","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b5e1cbb8e77e4e99a0b9b7dbfaf07881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b5e1cbb8e77e4e99a0b9b7dbfaf07881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Internet of Things, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-29 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43926-025-00246-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43926-025-00246-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43926-025-00246-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230675","display_name":"Discover Internet of Things","issn_l":"2730-7239","issn":["2730-7239"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Internet of Things","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416286928.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416286928.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3168330173","https://openalex.org/W3213258157","https://openalex.org/W4226327278","https://openalex.org/W4297147377","https://openalex.org/W4323572331","https://openalex.org/W4382300999","https://openalex.org/W4386123341","https://openalex.org/W4386459428","https://openalex.org/W4386907548","https://openalex.org/W4387022171","https://openalex.org/W4387819701","https://openalex.org/W4389411686","https://openalex.org/W4394750388","https://openalex.org/W4399143357","https://openalex.org/W4402369944","https://openalex.org/W4406380779","https://openalex.org/W4406523620","https://openalex.org/W4407171643","https://openalex.org/W4408939632","https://openalex.org/W4409819494","https://openalex.org/W4410140411","https://openalex.org/W4410206152","https://openalex.org/W4410220285","https://openalex.org/W4410279551","https://openalex.org/W4412780614"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,71],"integration":[1],"of":[2,47,144],"AI-driven":[3],"5G":[4,33,69,75,149],"network":[5,34,42,76],"optimization":[6],"is":[7],"essential":[8],"for":[9,67],"enabling":[10],"immersive":[11,125],"VR/AR":[12,51,93,99,145],"applications":[13,19,147],"in":[14,50,78,96,133],"mobile":[15,98],"learning":[16,29,82,126],"environments.":[17],"These":[18],"require":[20],"low-latency,":[21],"high-bandwidth":[22],"connectivity":[23],"to":[24],"enhance":[25],"student":[26],"engagement":[27],"and":[28,44,115,123,137],"outcomes.":[30],"However,":[31],"traditional":[32],"management":[35],"struggles":[36],"with":[37],"static":[38],"resource":[39,116,138],"allocation,":[40],"dynamic":[41],"adaptation,":[43],"poor":[45],"Quality":[46],"Experience":[48],"(QoE)":[49],"scenarios.":[52],"To":[53],"address":[54],"these":[55],"challenges,":[56],"we":[57],"propose":[58],"an":[59],"Adaptive":[60],"Reinforcement":[61],"Learning-Based":[62],"Network":[63],"Slicing":[64],"(ARL-NS)":[65],"framework":[66,104],"QoE-aware":[68],"optimization.":[70],"ARL-NS":[72,103],"dynamically":[73],"allocates":[74],"slices":[77],"real-time":[79],"using":[80],"reinforcement":[81],"agents":[83],"that":[84],"adjust":[85],"resources":[86],"based":[87],"on":[88],"continuous":[89],"QoE":[90,112],"feedback":[91],"from":[92],"applications.":[94],"Applied":[95],"a":[97,121],"classroom":[100],"setting,":[101],"the":[102,141],"improves":[105],"latency":[106],"(18.7":[107],"ms),":[108],"throughput":[109],"(96.8":[110],"Mbps),":[111],"score":[113],"(0.91),":[114],"efficiency":[117],"(89.6%),":[118],"thereby":[119],"ensuring":[120],"seamless":[122],"high-quality":[124],"experience.":[127],"Simulation":[128],"results":[129],"show":[130],"significant":[131],"improvements":[132],"latency,":[134],"user":[135],"QoE,":[136],"utilization,":[139],"supporting":[140],"scalable":[142],"deployment":[143],"educational":[146],"over":[148],"networks.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-11-17T00:00:00"}