{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414626079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43926-025-00137-1","title":"Improving e-learning systems with secure IoT applications: an SEM analysis focused on tackling low morale among students","display_name":"Improving e-learning systems with secure IoT applications: an SEM analysis focused on tackling low morale among students","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414626079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43926-025-00137-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43926-025-00137-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43926-025-00137-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43926-025-00137-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230675","display_name":"Discover Internet of Things","issn_l":"2730-7239","issn":["2730-7239"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Internet of Things","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43926-025-00137-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002219693","display_name":"D. M. Arvind Mallik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7405-6942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196608512","display_name":"PES University","ror":"https://ror.org/05m169e78","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196608512"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. M. Arvind Mallik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of MBA, PESITM, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of MBA, PESITM, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196608512"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002219693"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196608512"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1067},"fwci":1.5903,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88144389,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13038","display_name":"Internet of Things and AI","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5680999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.5156999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.42170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-engagement","display_name":"Student engagement","score":0.39959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-learning","display_name":"Personalized learning","score":0.33489999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-learning","display_name":"Digital learning","score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.304500013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6098999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5680999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5156999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.42170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194519906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627827","display_name":"Student engagement","level":2,"score":0.39959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3596999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142039133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3620943","display_name":"Personalized learning","level":5,"score":0.33489999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3248000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780468074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16628824","display_name":"Digital learning","level":2,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019723476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Electronic learning","level":3,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778365744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2426689","display_name":"Learning environment","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986087404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15946010","display_name":"Online learning","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43926-025-00137-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43926-025-00137-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43926-025-00137-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230675","display_name":"Discover Internet of Things","issn_l":"2730-7239","issn":["2730-7239"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Internet of Things","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9911f39f4131448a9e45ed557d3c02b5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9911f39f4131448a9e45ed557d3c02b5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Internet of Things, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-31 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43926-025-00137-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43926-025-00137-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43926-025-00137-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230675","display_name":"Discover Internet of Things","issn_l":"2730-7239","issn":["2730-7239"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Internet of Things","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414626079.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414626079.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1928216907","https://openalex.org/W1968464183","https://openalex.org/W1991246983","https://openalex.org/W2003544295","https://openalex.org/W2023718959","https://openalex.org/W2037950714","https://openalex.org/W2055854942","https://openalex.org/W2059562845","https://openalex.org/W2063793405","https://openalex.org/W2072898249","https://openalex.org/W2086626375","https://openalex.org/W2104927807","https://openalex.org/W2111619626","https://openalex.org/W2128166534","https://openalex.org/W2135732441","https://openalex.org/W2168569455","https://openalex.org/W2321522602","https://openalex.org/W2468197028","https://openalex.org/W2582846779","https://openalex.org/W2735105141","https://openalex.org/W2743810386","https://openalex.org/W2768655232","https://openalex.org/W2796985337","https://openalex.org/W2891914549","https://openalex.org/W2908219578","https://openalex.org/W2956147207","https://openalex.org/W2990072031","https://openalex.org/W3041171118","https://openalex.org/W3043668368","https://openalex.org/W3081390659","https://openalex.org/W3094499977","https://openalex.org/W3144696337","https://openalex.org/W3158201287","https://openalex.org/W3166869201","https://openalex.org/W3183969897","https://openalex.org/W3196356960","https://openalex.org/W3216277073","https://openalex.org/W4225455732","https://openalex.org/W4232985273","https://openalex.org/W4280495364","https://openalex.org/W4284974382","https://openalex.org/W4296348673","https://openalex.org/W4324093415","https://openalex.org/W4367031967","https://openalex.org/W4386961654","https://openalex.org/W4390033074","https://openalex.org/W4392630768","https://openalex.org/W4394939130","https://openalex.org/W4400588249","https://openalex.org/W4402621608","https://openalex.org/W4403328931","https://openalex.org/W4404160230","https://openalex.org/W4404305894","https://openalex.org/W4404521224","https://openalex.org/W4404637926"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"E-learning":[0],"has":[1],"transformed":[2],"education":[3],"by":[4,111,130,191],"providing":[5,136,197],"accessibility":[6],"and":[7,14,37,47,60,77,87,108,135,150,156,171,183,196,204,217,230,241,253,282],"flexibility,":[8],"allowing":[9,201],"students":[10,55],"to":[11,28,56,67,84,210,260],"navigate":[12],"time":[13],"location":[15],"barriers.":[16],"However,":[17],"serious":[18],"worries":[19],"exist":[20],"about":[21],"how":[22],"this":[23],"shift":[24],"from":[25,99],"conventional":[26],"classrooms":[27],"online":[29,93],"learning":[30,70,94,178,206,233],"environments":[31,234],"may":[32,125],"affect":[33],"student":[34,148,169,251],"pleasure,":[35],"participation,":[36,238],"morale.":[38,172],"The":[39,114],"lack":[40],"of":[41,80,268],"in-person":[42],"interactions,":[43],"frequent":[44],"technical":[45],"problems,":[46],"a":[48,215],"rise":[49],"in":[50],"digital":[51,89,232],"distractions":[52],"frequently":[53],"cause":[54],"become":[57],"less":[58],"motivated":[59],"dissatisfied.":[61],"Addressing":[62],"these":[63,75,123,143,189],"issues":[64,129],"is":[65,245,258],"crucial":[66],"achieving":[68],"successful":[69],"results.":[71],"This":[72],"paper":[73],"examines":[74],"problems":[76],"the":[78,152,159,242,266,279],"possibility":[79],"secure":[81,119,184,216,222],"IoT":[82,120,223,247],"applications":[83,121,248],"build":[85],"safe":[86],"interesting":[88],"ecosystems":[90],"that":[91,117,208,235],"improve":[92,239],"opportunities":[95],"were":[96,161],"data":[97],"collected":[98],"931":[100],"respondents":[101],"across":[102],"Karnataka,":[103],"analyzed":[104],"through":[105],"statistical":[106],"tools,":[107],"analysed":[109],"variables":[110],"SEM":[112],"analysis.":[113],"findings":[115,281],"imply":[116],"integrating":[118],"into":[122],"systems":[124,207],"help":[126,187],"alleviate":[127],"some":[128],"enhancing":[131],"engagement,":[132,195],"facilitating":[133],"communication,":[134],"real-time":[137,180],"assistance.":[138],"By":[139,220],"offering":[140],"individualized":[141],"instruction,":[142],"technologies":[144],"can":[145,186,226],"significantly":[146,249],"increase":[147],"satisfaction":[149,240],"bridge":[151],"gap":[153],"between":[154],"teachers":[155],"students.":[157],"Also,":[158],"results":[160],"despite":[162],"its":[163],"advantages,":[164],"e-learning\u2019s":[165],"limitations":[166],"often":[167],"hinder":[168],"engagement":[170,252],"IoT-enabled":[173],"solutions,":[174],"such":[175],"as":[176],"personalized":[177],"environments,":[179],"feedback":[181],"systems,":[182],"platforms,":[185],"overcome":[188,265],"challenges":[190],"fostering":[192],"interactivity,":[193],"improving":[194],"tailored":[198],"educational":[199],"experiences":[200],"for":[202],"dynamic":[203],"adaptive":[205],"respond":[209],"individual":[211],"needs":[212],"while":[213],"ensuring":[214],"inclusive":[218],"environment.":[219],"utilizing":[221],"applications,":[224],"educators":[225],"foster":[227],"supportive,":[228],"motivating,":[229],"effective":[231],"encourage":[236],"active":[237],"key":[243,280],"takeaway":[244],"securing":[246],"enhances":[250],"morale,":[254],"though":[255],"further":[256],"research":[257],"needed":[259],"optimize":[261],"their":[262],"effectiveness":[263],"will":[264],"shortcomings":[267],"traditional":[269],"e-learning":[270],"methods.":[271],"(Here":[272],"are":[273],"three":[274],"concise":[275],"bullet":[276],"points":[277],"summarizing":[278],"implications)":[283]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-16T09:10:04.655348","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}