{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417483116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-025-00916-0","title":"Conversational AI agents in education: an umbrella review of current utilization, challenges, and future directions for ethical and responsible use","display_name":"Conversational AI agents in education: an umbrella review of current utilization, challenges, and future directions for ethical and responsible use","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417483116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-025-00916-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-025-00916-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-025-00916-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-025-00916-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-025-00916-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070355668","display_name":"Amrita Ganguly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7280-9713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amrita Ganguly","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, Fairfax, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, Fairfax, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120852566","display_name":"Nafisa Mehjabin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nafisa Mehjabin","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, Fairfax, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, Fairfax, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028176318","display_name":"Aqdas Malik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3517-8760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47818738","display_name":"Sultan Qaboos University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wq8zb47","country_code":"OM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47818738"]}],"countries":["OM"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aqdas Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47818738"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056968920","display_name":"Aditya Johri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9018-7574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aditya Johri","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, Fairfax, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, Fairfax, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028176318","https://openalex.org/A5056968920","https://openalex.org/A5070355668","https://openalex.org/A5120852566"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631","https://openalex.org/I47818738"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":6.5347,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96456385,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.33799999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.33799999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.27480000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.04610000178217888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.6323999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5569000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.4154999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-analysis","display_name":"Thematic analysis","score":0.41290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metacognition","display_name":"Metacognition","score":0.3961000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.38850000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.6323999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5569000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49219998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.4154999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.41290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118147538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126970","display_name":"Metacognition","level":3,"score":0.3961000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.38850000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.37310001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.35929998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.3573000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.3515999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42525527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955","display_name":"Formative assessment","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.2590000033378601}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-025-00916-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-025-00916-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-025-00916-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-025-00916-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-025-00916-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-025-00916-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1000287032","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-6702135329","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3109590532","display_name":"Workshop: ProVis-EER: Developing Professional Vision into Empirical Practices within Engineering Education Research (EER) though Digital Apprenticeship","funder_award_id":"2112775","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3270933065","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-67021-35329","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G468426642","display_name":"Developing Artificial Intelligence Literacy Among Undergraduate Engineering and Technology Students Through Case-Based Instruction","funder_award_id":"2439460","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5620962805","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"67021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5746257800","display_name":"EAGER: Impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) on Engineering Education Practices","funder_award_id":"2319137","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6857711979","display_name":"Collaborative EAGER: Novel Ethnographic Investigations of Engineering Workplaces to Advance Theory and Research Methods for Preparing the Future Workforce","funder_award_id":"1939105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7153392812","display_name":"Situated Algorithmic Thinking: Preparing the Future Computing Workforce for Ethical Decision-Making through Interactive Case Studies","funder_award_id":"1937950","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8387728390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-67021-35329","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8504090003","display_name":"Workshop: Building an Inclusive Foundation of Engineering Education Research Scholarship for Future Growth","funder_award_id":"1941186","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/05qx3fv49"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417483116.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417483116.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2340539079","https://openalex.org/W2957196521","https://openalex.org/W2962776606","https://openalex.org/W3040455184","https://openalex.org/W3044291841","https://openalex.org/W3083762786","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3185181255","https://openalex.org/W3192269127","https://openalex.org/W4234580964","https://openalex.org/W4281570364","https://openalex.org/W4284991798","https://openalex.org/W4292825932","https://openalex.org/W4293042558","https://openalex.org/W4310436400","https://openalex.org/W4319440682","https://openalex.org/W4320489625","https://openalex.org/W4360615722","https://openalex.org/W4361009501","https://openalex.org/W4367849331","https://openalex.org/W4384200891","https://openalex.org/W4386524548","https://openalex.org/W4388095513","https://openalex.org/W4388728825","https://openalex.org/W4392169968","https://openalex.org/W4392863142","https://openalex.org/W4394956892","https://openalex.org/W4398767118","https://openalex.org/W4399979468","https://openalex.org/W4400975833","https://openalex.org/W4401733038","https://openalex.org/W4401995997","https://openalex.org/W4402941948","https://openalex.org/W4403377683","https://openalex.org/W4403875863","https://openalex.org/W4403880728","https://openalex.org/W4403944569","https://openalex.org/W4404251002","https://openalex.org/W4404857073","https://openalex.org/W4405110220","https://openalex.org/W4405211386","https://openalex.org/W4406246343","https://openalex.org/W4406343535","https://openalex.org/W4406423087","https://openalex.org/W4406571986","https://openalex.org/W4407151315","https://openalex.org/W4407567067","https://openalex.org/W4407591336","https://openalex.org/W4407949461","https://openalex.org/W4408195119","https://openalex.org/W4409150614","https://openalex.org/W4409749383","https://openalex.org/W4410357273","https://openalex.org/W4410956361","https://openalex.org/W4410987164","https://openalex.org/W4416139238"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,22,142,164,223,252],"use":[2],"of":[3,18,25,39,67,97,221,231],"Conversational":[4],"AI":[5,20,249],"(CAI)":[6],"agents":[7,135],"within":[8,62],"education":[9,264],"has":[10,32,157],"seen":[11],"a":[12,50,119,154,257],"rise":[13],"with":[14,29,198],"the":[15,26,34,55,81,89,151,162],"rapid":[16],"integration":[17],"generative":[19,23],"(GenAI).":[21],"ability":[24],"application":[27,57],"combined":[28],"conversational":[30],"capabilities":[31],"enhanced":[33],"perceived":[35],"and":[36,60,94,140,153,181,189,196,215,243,247,265],"actual":[37,56],"usefulness":[38],"CAI":[40,98,134,168,210,228,236,261],"applications.":[41],"Given":[42],"this":[43,63],"development,":[44,183],"it":[45],"is":[46,148,170],"critical":[47],"to":[48,53,107,160],"undertake":[49],"comprehensive":[51],"review":[52,105,113,224],"understand":[54,88],"domains,":[58],"challenges,":[59],"efforts":[61],"area.":[64],"A":[65],"range":[66],"empirical":[68],"studies":[69],"as":[70,72,176],"well":[71],"reviews":[73],"have":[74],"been":[75,158],"undertaken":[76,159],"in":[77,172,227,263],"recent":[78],"years,":[79],"but":[80],"current":[82,90,92],"understanding":[83],"remains":[84],"fragmented.":[85],"To":[86],"better":[87],"state-of-the-art,":[91],"trends":[93],"future":[95,270],"implications":[96],"on":[99,133],"education,":[100],"we":[101],"conducted":[102],"an":[103],"umbrella":[104],"(UR)":[106],"systematically":[108],"synthesize":[109],"findings":[110],"from":[111],"thirty-four":[112],"articles.":[114],"Articles":[115],"were":[116,126],"collected":[117],"through":[118],"search":[120],"across":[121,137,208],"five":[122],"major":[123],"databases.":[124],"They":[125],"screened":[127],"using":[128],"predefined":[129],"eligibility":[130],"criteria":[131],"focusing":[132],"used":[136],"educational":[138,199],"domains":[139],"contexts.":[141],"PRISMA":[143],"framework":[144],"for":[145,259,269],"transparent":[146],"reporting":[147],"followed":[149],"throughout":[150],"process":[152],"thematic":[155],"analysis":[156],"analyze":[161],"data.":[163],"results":[165],"show":[166],"that":[167],"utilization":[169],"concentrated":[171],"pedagogical":[173,241],"applications":[174],"such":[175],"teaching":[177],"support,":[178],"psychological":[179],"engagement,":[180],"metacognitive":[182],"while":[184,212],"administrative":[185],"functions,":[186],"research":[187],"assistance,":[188],"specialized":[190],"training":[191],"remain":[192],"underdeveloped.":[193],"Technical":[194],"limitations":[195],"concerns":[197,206],"impact":[200],"dominate":[201],"discussions.":[202],"Ethically,":[203],"human-AI":[204],"relationship":[205],"persist":[207],"all":[209],"generations,":[211],"academic":[213],"integrity":[214],"data":[216],"privacy":[217],"represent":[218],"emerging":[219],"areas":[220,268],"concern.":[222],"reveals":[225],"gaps":[226],"frameworks:":[229],"lack":[230],"end-to-end":[232],"design":[233],"guidance,":[234],"weak":[235],"specific":[237],"usability":[238],"methods,":[239],"unclear":[240],"guidance":[242],"classroom":[244],"implementation":[245,262],"strategies,":[246],"limited":[248],"literacy":[250],"support.":[251],"article":[253],"concludes":[254],"by":[255],"proposing":[256],"roadmap":[258],"ethical":[260],"identifying":[266],"priority":[267],"research.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-12-19T00:00:00"}