{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413275572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-025-00804-7","title":"Ethical challenges and software test automation","display_name":"Ethical challenges and software test automation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413275572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-025-00804-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-025-00804-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-025-00804-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-025-00804-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-025-00804-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028417968","display_name":"Per Erik Strandberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1688-6937"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Per Erik Strandberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Westermo Network Technologies AB, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Westermo Network Technologies AB, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016735339","display_name":"Eduard Paul Enoiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2416-4205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82509713","display_name":"M\u00e4lardalen University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vfbz75","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduard Paul Enoiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["M\u00e4lardalen University, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"M\u00e4lardalen University, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056617679","display_name":"Mirgita Frasheri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7852-4582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirgita Frasheri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028417968"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22539022,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"6","first_page":"6185","last_page":"6206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.5660473704338074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.4913713037967682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-testing","display_name":"Software testing","score":0.46459150314331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.42434561252593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4165240526199341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.40501779317855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.279437392950058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.10370463132858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09748575091362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.06407478451728821}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5660473704338074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.4913713037967682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984328558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188522","display_name":"Software testing","level":3,"score":0.46459150314331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.42434561252593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4165240526199341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.40501779317855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.279437392950058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10370463132858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09748575091362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.06407478451728821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-025-00804-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-025-00804-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-025-00804-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-025-00804-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-025-00804-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-025-00804-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309928","display_name":"Aarhus Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327360","display_name":"M\u00e4lardalens h\u00f6gskola","ror":"https://ror.org/033vfbz75"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330079","display_name":"Poul Due Jensens Fond","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413275572.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413275572.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90073902","https://openalex.org/W1490384990","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1979345446","https://openalex.org/W2011906214","https://openalex.org/W2014285916","https://openalex.org/W2014515160","https://openalex.org/W2024575991","https://openalex.org/W2038782498","https://openalex.org/W2075699551","https://openalex.org/W2100505193","https://openalex.org/W2104942599","https://openalex.org/W2114869486","https://openalex.org/W2119296494","https://openalex.org/W2123179704","https://openalex.org/W2125360619","https://openalex.org/W2131213789","https://openalex.org/W2548640120","https://openalex.org/W2591823109","https://openalex.org/W2603119212","https://openalex.org/W2738428139","https://openalex.org/W2805992252","https://openalex.org/W2809631772","https://openalex.org/W2904507568","https://openalex.org/W2935741535","https://openalex.org/W2953522645","https://openalex.org/W2963998044","https://openalex.org/W2967819419","https://openalex.org/W2981249399","https://openalex.org/W3001173809","https://openalex.org/W3015529431","https://openalex.org/W3026354358","https://openalex.org/W3027353834","https://openalex.org/W3033094275","https://openalex.org/W3090913539","https://openalex.org/W3121557310","https://openalex.org/W3125569121","https://openalex.org/W3126441471","https://openalex.org/W3136620301","https://openalex.org/W3174801350","https://openalex.org/W3198302959","https://openalex.org/W3207271422","https://openalex.org/W4233152543","https://openalex.org/W4236859744","https://openalex.org/W4292223708","https://openalex.org/W4307700038","https://openalex.org/W4321504526","https://openalex.org/W4322097344","https://openalex.org/W4360838298","https://openalex.org/W4385954288","https://openalex.org/W4388193598","https://openalex.org/W4389117235","https://openalex.org/W4390097126","https://openalex.org/W4391660165","https://openalex.org/W4398186314","https://openalex.org/W4409530343","https://openalex.org/W6602427718","https://openalex.org/W6611647144"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090301720","https://openalex.org/W4232791850","https://openalex.org/W2008194781","https://openalex.org/W3176274227","https://openalex.org/W3089971865","https://openalex.org/W2039512252","https://openalex.org/W2038209453","https://openalex.org/W2913502950","https://openalex.org/W1916954724","https://openalex.org/W2914660298"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,175],"study":[2,130],"addresses":[3],"the":[4,14,33,57,60,65,156,168,188,191,201],"intersection":[5],"of":[6,16,36,51,62,68,158,170,172,190,204],"ethics":[7,182],"and":[8,30,43,49,89,92,97,112,114,125,163,197],"software":[9,21,37,145,184],"test":[10,45,52,72,146,206],"automation,":[11],"driven":[12],"by":[13,135],"use":[15],"Artificial":[17],"Intelligence":[18],"(AI)":[19],"in":[20,32,56,71,144,183],"testing.":[22],"Complex":[23],"ethical":[24,63,69,85,202],"challenges":[25,203],"arise":[26],"while":[27,166],"applying":[28],"AI":[29,70,181],"automation":[31,73],"different":[34],"stages":[35],"testing":[38],"such":[39],"as":[40,193],"case":[41],"creation":[42],"selection,":[44],"execution,":[46],"resource":[47],"allocation,":[48],"interpretation":[50],"results":[53],"thereafter":[54],"utilised":[55],"industry.":[58],"Despite":[59],"availability":[61],"guidelines,":[64],"practical":[66],"implementation":[67],"needs":[74],"to":[75],"be":[76],"clarified.":[77],"To":[78],"this":[79],"end,":[80],"we":[81],"identified":[82],"nine":[83],"key":[84],"themes:":[86],"human":[87,106],"control":[88],"responsibility,":[90],"justice":[91],"fairness,":[93],"explainability":[94],"(including":[95],"logging":[96],"monitoring),":[98],"human-centric":[99,173],"risk":[100,109],"analysis,":[101,110],"stakeholder":[102],"involvement,":[103],"impact":[104],"on":[105,155],"relations,":[107],"technical":[108,164],"sustainability":[111],"waste,":[113],"privacy.":[115],"These":[116],"themes":[117],"were":[118],"examined":[119],"through":[120,127],"a":[121,128,136],"questionnaire,":[122],"iteratively":[123],"refined":[124],"evaluated":[126],"pilot":[129],"with":[131,200],"four":[132],"experts,":[133],"followed":[134],"survey":[137],"involving":[138],"54":[139],"participants":[140,154],"from":[141],"diverse":[142],"backgrounds":[143],"automation.":[147,207],"The":[148],"findings":[149],"reveal":[150],"an":[151],"agreement":[152],"among":[153],"importance":[157],"issues":[159],"like":[160],"explainability,":[161],"privacy,":[162],"risks":[165],"highlighting":[167],"lack":[169],"consideration":[171],"risks.":[174],"paper":[176],"brings":[177],"some":[178],"insights":[179],"into":[180],"testing,":[185],"specifically":[186],"proposing":[187],"adoption":[189],"questionnaire":[192],"guidance":[194],"for":[195],"professionals":[196],"researchers":[198],"dealing":[199],"AI-powered":[205]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}