{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402404674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00571-x","title":"Ethical aspects of ChatGPT: An approach to discuss and evaluate key requirements from different ethical perspectives","display_name":"Ethical aspects of ChatGPT: An approach to discuss and evaluate key requirements from different ethical perspectives","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402404674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00571-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-024-00571-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00571-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-024-00571-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-024-00571-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039050882","display_name":"Marc Steen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7915-5459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148297040","display_name":"Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjb948","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marc Steen","raw_affiliation_strings":["TNO, The Hague, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7915-5459","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TNO, The Hague, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085874782","display_name":"Joachim de Greeff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6503-2658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148297040","display_name":"Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjb948","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joachim de Greeff","raw_affiliation_strings":["TNO, The Hague, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6503-2658","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TNO, The Hague, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085181159","display_name":"Maaike de Boer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2775-8351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148297040","display_name":"Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjb948","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maaike de Boer","raw_affiliation_strings":["TNO, The Hague, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2775-8351","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TNO, The Hague, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013179642","display_name":"Cor J. Veenman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2645-1198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148297040","display_name":"Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjb948","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cor Veenman","raw_affiliation_strings":["TNO, The Hague, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2645-1198","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TNO, The Hague, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039050882"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.2063,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57102758,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"2419","last_page":"2432"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9753000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9333000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.7074289321899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.5168254971504211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4208143651485443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3208107054233551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2948606014251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20893922448158264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10142242908477783}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.7074289321899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.5168254971504211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4208143651485443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3208107054233551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2948606014251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20893922448158264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10142242908477783}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-024-00571-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00571-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-024-00571-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oai-pmh.tno.nl:65422","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.tno.nl/uuid:9c775189-6e5d-4223-8748-3424616f0e82","pdf_url":"https://publications.tno.nl/publication/34643426/as2iGqSL/steen-2024-ethical.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055233","display_name":"TNO Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-024-00571-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00571-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-024-00571-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402404674.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402404674.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2728963338","https://openalex.org/W2754760419","https://openalex.org/W2795880220","https://openalex.org/W2898970033","https://openalex.org/W2902634493","https://openalex.org/W2944988415","https://openalex.org/W2953522645","https://openalex.org/W2981646383","https://openalex.org/W2996541402","https://openalex.org/W2998701638","https://openalex.org/W3081716527","https://openalex.org/W3092523763","https://openalex.org/W3132771424","https://openalex.org/W3133702157","https://openalex.org/W3166704691","https://openalex.org/W3169986961","https://openalex.org/W3212368439","https://openalex.org/W4205725149","https://openalex.org/W4205855981","https://openalex.org/W4224992224","https://openalex.org/W4240576039","https://openalex.org/W4245528144","https://openalex.org/W4252396473","https://openalex.org/W4253935475","https://openalex.org/W4280621673","https://openalex.org/W4283157611","https://openalex.org/W4297672639","https://openalex.org/W4306746779","https://openalex.org/W4310881408","https://openalex.org/W4318719246","https://openalex.org/W4360620450","https://openalex.org/W4366605501","https://openalex.org/W4377130741","https://openalex.org/W4378765257","https://openalex.org/W4382249028","https://openalex.org/W4385328060","https://openalex.org/W4386580390","https://openalex.org/W4387801479","https://openalex.org/W4389518968","https://openalex.org/W4392035583","https://openalex.org/W4395686739","https://openalex.org/W6890177569","https://openalex.org/W6927734169"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2931662336","https://openalex.org/W2077865380","https://openalex.org/W4401768695","https://openalex.org/W2765597752","https://openalex.org/W2134894512","https://openalex.org/W2083375246","https://openalex.org/W2140798747","https://openalex.org/W2067108088"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"has":[1],"been":[2],"growing":[3],"attention":[4],"for":[5],"Large":[6],"Language":[7],"Models":[8],"and":[9,12,15,30,36,45,56,93,96,110,128],"conversational":[10],"agents,":[11],"their":[13,34],"capabilities":[14],"benefits.":[16],"In":[17,38],"addition,":[18],"there":[19],"is":[20],"a":[21,115,131],"need":[22],"to":[23,40,42,52,75,97,120],"look":[24,76,98],"at":[25,77,99],"the":[26,43,59,64,103],"various":[27],"costs,":[28],"harms,":[29],"risks":[31],"involved":[32],"in":[33,126],"development":[35,44],"deployment.":[37],"order":[39],"contribute":[41],"deployment":[46],"of":[47,63,102,118,133],"\u2018trustworthy":[48],"AI\u2019,":[49],"we":[50],"propose":[51,74],"organize":[53],"ethical":[54,83],"reflection":[55],"deliberation,":[57],"following":[58],"seven":[60],"key":[61],"requirements":[62,79],"European":[65],"Commission\u2019s":[66],"High-Level":[67],"Expert":[68],"Group":[69],"on":[70],"AI":[71],"(2019).":[72],"We":[73,113],"these":[78],"through":[80],"four":[81],"different":[82,100],"perspectives\u2014":[84],"consequentialism":[85],",":[86,89,92,107,109],"duty":[87],"ethics":[88,91],"relational":[90],"virtue":[94],"ethics;":[95],"levels":[101],"sociotechnical":[104],"system\u2014":[105],"individual":[106],"organization":[108],"society":[111],".":[112],"present":[114],"case":[116],"study":[117],"ChatGPT,":[119],"illustrate":[121],"how":[122],"this":[123,134],"approach":[124],"works":[125],"practice,":[127],"close":[129],"with":[130],"discussion":[132],"approach.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}