{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392761166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00460-3","title":"The ethical implications of Chatbot developments for conservation expertise","display_name":"The ethical implications of Chatbot developments for conservation expertise","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392761166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00460-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-024-00460-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00460-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-024-00460-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-024-00460-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003339331","display_name":"Zarrin Tasnim Sworna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2418-330X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zarrin Tasnim Sworna","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO \u2013 Environment Business Unit, EcoSciences Precinct, Queensland, Brisbane, 4012, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2418-330X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO \u2013 Environment Business Unit, EcoSciences Precinct, Queensland, Brisbane, 4012, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063325021","display_name":"Danilo Urzedo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4256-515X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danilo Urzedo","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO \u2013 Environment Business Unit, EcoSciences Precinct, Queensland, Brisbane, 4012, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO \u2013 Environment Business Unit, EcoSciences Precinct, Queensland, Brisbane, 4012, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040749631","display_name":"Andrew J. Hoskins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8907-6682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew J Hoskins","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO \u2013 Environment Business Unit, Australian Tropical Sciences and Innovation Precinct, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO \u2013 Environment Business Unit, Australian Tropical Sciences and Innovation Precinct, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059628670","display_name":"Cathy Robinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3453-572X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29894533","display_name":"Charles Darwin University","ror":"https://ror.org/048zcaj52","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine J Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO \u2013 Environment Business Unit, EcoSciences Precinct, Queensland, Brisbane, 4012, Australia","Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Darwin, 0909, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO \u2013 Environment Business Unit, EcoSciences Precinct, Queensland, Brisbane, 4012, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Darwin, 0909, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003339331"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":5.4858,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95870887,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"917","last_page":"926"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9444000124931335,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatbot","display_name":"Chatbot","score":0.8310612440109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.446016788482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.36077314615249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3486083447933197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-ethics","display_name":"Environmental ethics","score":0.3410276472568512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3071836829185486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22295746207237244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.1592264473438263}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779041454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870780","display_name":"Chatbot","level":2,"score":0.8310612440109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.446016788482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36077314615249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3486083447933197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.3410276472568512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3071836829185486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22295746207237244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1592264473438263}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-024-00460-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00460-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-024-00460-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-024-00460-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00460-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-024-00460-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320386","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392761166.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003742936","https://openalex.org/W2137839725","https://openalex.org/W2157213380","https://openalex.org/W2604731544","https://openalex.org/W2793966047","https://openalex.org/W2996844929","https://openalex.org/W3122290799","https://openalex.org/W3177420334","https://openalex.org/W3194706518","https://openalex.org/W3211420202","https://openalex.org/W4205433436","https://openalex.org/W4206548081","https://openalex.org/W4210510112","https://openalex.org/W4211173190","https://openalex.org/W4223904921","https://openalex.org/W4225353277","https://openalex.org/W4283163778","https://openalex.org/W4285988369","https://openalex.org/W4298089032","https://openalex.org/W4309340248","https://openalex.org/W4313430513","https://openalex.org/W4317390716","https://openalex.org/W4319083882","https://openalex.org/W4319939743","https://openalex.org/W4320728115","https://openalex.org/W4364382531","https://openalex.org/W4366743045","https://openalex.org/W4380630825","https://openalex.org/W4382724432","https://openalex.org/W4385231012","https://openalex.org/W4387977197","https://openalex.org/W4388440320","https://openalex.org/W4388637835","https://openalex.org/W4391510869"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4383501580","https://openalex.org/W4214931137","https://openalex.org/W4387007686","https://openalex.org/W4313813117","https://openalex.org/W4382052417","https://openalex.org/W3192088754","https://openalex.org/W3084631705","https://openalex.org/W3176146353","https://openalex.org/W4293646425"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Chatbots":[1],"have":[2],"emerged":[3],"as":[4,192],"a":[5],"potent":[6],"artificial":[7],"intelligence":[8],"(AI)":[9],"tool":[10],"for":[11,18,85],"expediting":[12],"expert":[13],"knowledge,":[14],"including":[15],"evidence":[16,51,69,172],"used":[17,53],"conservation":[19,36,68],"research":[20],"and":[21,30,65,80,88,107,129,150,161,181,196,222,227],"practices.":[22],"While":[23,141],"digital":[24],"technologies":[25],"can":[26],"support":[27],"the":[28,59,101,109,112,142,146,202,209,225],"curation":[29],"analysis":[31],"of":[32,35,50,67,77,103,111,126,132,139,158,166,212,229],"vast":[33],"amounts":[34],"datasets":[37],"to":[38,215],"inform":[39],"best":[40],"practices,":[41],"AI-driven":[42],"solutions":[43],"raise":[44],"ethical":[45,60,122,203],"concerns":[46],"around":[47,62],"what":[48],"source":[49],"is":[52],"or":[54],"not.":[55],"This":[56],"paper":[57],"examines":[58],"issues":[61],"sources,":[63],"biases,":[64],"representation":[66,128,157],"formulated":[70],"by":[71,136],"chatbots.":[72,230],"We":[73],"interviewed":[74],"two":[75],"versions":[76],"ChatGPT,":[78],"GPT-3.5-turbo":[79],"GPT-4,":[81],"regarding":[82,155],"knowledge":[83,134,218],"available":[84],"ecological":[86],"restoration":[87],"analysed":[89],"40,000":[90],"answers.":[91],"Our":[92],"results":[93],"show":[94],"that":[95],"these":[96,115],"chatbot":[97],"developments":[98,117],"are":[99,220],"expanding":[100],"inclusion":[102,131],"diverse":[104,133],"data":[105],"sources":[106,138],"improving":[108],"accuracy":[110],"responses.":[113],"However,":[114],"technical":[116],"do":[118],"not":[119],"necessarily":[120],"imply":[121],"considerations":[123],"in":[124,224],"terms":[125],"fair":[127],"unbiased":[130],"offered":[135],"different":[137,159],"expertise.":[140],"updated":[143,164],"model":[144],"expands":[145],"descriptions":[147],"ofgeographical":[148],"locations":[149],"organizations,":[151],"there":[152],"remain":[153],"limitations":[154],"equitable":[156],"expertise":[160,179],"stakeholders.":[162],"The":[163],"version":[165],"GPT":[167],"still":[168],"relies":[169],"heavily":[170],"on":[171],"from":[173,188],"high-income":[174],"countries":[175,198],"(88%),":[176],"North":[177],"American":[178],"(67%),":[180],"male":[182],"academics":[183],"(46%)":[184],"with":[185],"limited":[186],"contributions":[187],"minority":[189],"groups,":[190],"such":[191],"Indigenous":[193],"organizations":[194],"(10%)":[195],"low-income":[197],"(2%).":[199],"In":[200],"conclusion,":[201],"implications":[204],"within":[205],"generative":[206],"AI":[207],"reveal":[208],"crucial":[210],"requirement":[211],"human-centered":[213],"negotiations":[214],"consider":[216],"how":[217],"practices":[219],"legitimized":[221],"embedded":[223],"development":[226],"use":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}