{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391942149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00425-6","title":"Formalizing ethical principles within AI systems: experts\u2019 opinions on why (not) and how to do it","display_name":"Formalizing ethical principles within AI systems: experts\u2019 opinions on why (not) and how to do it","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391942149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00425-6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-024-00425-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00425-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-024-00425-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-024-00425-6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047975869","display_name":"Franziska Poszler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8135-6062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Franziska Poszler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peter L\u00f6scher Chair of Business Ethics, Institute of Ethics in Artificial Intelligence, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Arcisstra\u00dfe 21, 80333, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8135-6062","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peter L\u00f6scher Chair of Business Ethics, Institute of Ethics in Artificial Intelligence, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Arcisstra\u00dfe 21, 80333, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113122359","display_name":"Edy Portmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154338468","display_name":"University of Fribourg","ror":"https://ror.org/022fs9h90","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154338468"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edy Portmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-IST Institute, University of Fribourg, Bd de P\u00e9rolles 90, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6079-1348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-IST Institute, University of Fribourg, Bd de P\u00e9rolles 90, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154338468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002144203","display_name":"Christoph L\u00fctge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3870-4789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph L\u00fctge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peter L\u00f6scher Chair of Business Ethics, Institute of Ethics in Artificial Intelligence, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Arcisstra\u00dfe 21, 80333, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peter L\u00f6scher Chair of Business Ethics, Institute of Ethics in Artificial Intelligence, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Arcisstra\u00dfe 21, 80333, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047975869"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":5.4101,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9581279,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"937","last_page":"965"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.7159238457679749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5308846831321716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"Corporate governance","score":0.48778754472732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-ethics","display_name":"Information ethics","score":0.48348861932754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.46240097284317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38563311100006104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.35197487473487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.34639424085617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13815277814865112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12765875458717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.12233906984329224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.7159238457679749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5308846831321716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.48778754472732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93474598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662553","display_name":"Information ethics","level":2,"score":0.48348861932754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.46240097284317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38563311100006104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.35197487473487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.34639424085617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13815277814865112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12765875458717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.12233906984329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-024-00425-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00425-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-024-00425-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-024-00425-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00425-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-024-00425-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323383","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391942149.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W159321140","https://openalex.org/W1797513359","https://openalex.org/W2002554683","https://openalex.org/W2016368496","https://openalex.org/W2022035185","https://openalex.org/W2085876742","https://openalex.org/W2129550444","https://openalex.org/W2139892921","https://openalex.org/W2163399029","https://openalex.org/W2501555110","https://openalex.org/W2549617725","https://openalex.org/W2557671501","https://openalex.org/W2592549567","https://openalex.org/W2606337892","https://openalex.org/W2765914727","https://openalex.org/W2775411160","https://openalex.org/W2785775372","https://openalex.org/W2787306967","https://openalex.org/W2829028065","https://openalex.org/W2902634493","https://openalex.org/W2948294600","https://openalex.org/W3002916673","https://openalex.org/W3013931681","https://openalex.org/W3023639742","https://openalex.org/W3040119806","https://openalex.org/W3081716527","https://openalex.org/W3110515051","https://openalex.org/W3115477807","https://openalex.org/W3119904957","https://openalex.org/W3132064356","https://openalex.org/W3137895840","https://openalex.org/W3139839958","https://openalex.org/W3155745143","https://openalex.org/W3160766790","https://openalex.org/W3176102973","https://openalex.org/W3186735775","https://openalex.org/W3212259563","https://openalex.org/W4200589955","https://openalex.org/W4220734435","https://openalex.org/W4221103054","https://openalex.org/W4224023100","https://openalex.org/W4229632424","https://openalex.org/W4288995270","https://openalex.org/W4293566502","https://openalex.org/W4295957291","https://openalex.org/W4300467454","https://openalex.org/W4315651982","https://openalex.org/W4317603347","https://openalex.org/W4318982572","https://openalex.org/W4366772421","https://openalex.org/W4367053183","https://openalex.org/W4386122321","https://openalex.org/W4386951044","https://openalex.org/W4387568967","https://openalex.org/W4388049761"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513502204","https://openalex.org/W2182680444","https://openalex.org/W1987721955","https://openalex.org/W4205256446","https://openalex.org/W3152561232","https://openalex.org/W568102649","https://openalex.org/W4229781014","https://openalex.org/W2351051585","https://openalex.org/W2357986026","https://openalex.org/W2364093721"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"AI":[1,88],"systems":[2],"are":[3,155],"increasingly":[4],"put":[5],"into":[6,39,113],"contexts":[7],"where":[8],"computed":[9],"decisions":[10],"must":[11],"be":[12,76,111,124],"guided":[13],"by":[14,174],"ethical":[15,37],"considerations.":[16],"To":[17],"develop":[18],"ethically":[19],"grounded":[20],"algorithms":[21],"and":[22,70,89,107,116,131,145,151,157,173],"technologies,":[23],"scholars":[24],"have":[25],"suggested":[26],"computational":[27,43,96,129],"ethics":[28,44,97,130],"as":[29],"an":[30],"essential":[31],"frontier,":[32],"which":[33,121],"aims":[34,164],"to":[35,75,92,123,165],"translate":[36],"principles":[38],"computer":[40],"code.":[41],"However,":[42],"has":[45],"received":[46],"little":[47],"attention":[48],"in":[49,79,128,159,172,176],"academic":[50],"literature":[51],"so":[52],"far,":[53],"with":[54],"existing":[55],"work":[56],"mainly":[57],"focusing":[58],"on":[59,95],"its":[60,68],"technical":[61,100],"implementation,":[62],"while":[63],"many":[64],"open":[65],"questions":[66],"concerning":[67],"(societal":[69],"ethical)":[71],"implications":[72],"still":[73],"need":[74,122],"resolved.":[77],"Therefore,":[78],"this":[80],"study,":[81],"we":[82],"interviewed":[83],"12":[84],"experts":[85],"from":[86],"philosophy,":[87],"cognitive":[90],"sciences":[91],"shed":[93],"light":[94],"beyond":[98],"a":[99,160,167],"perspective.":[101],"Findings":[102],"suggest":[103],"that":[104,163],"indicated":[105],"supporting":[106],"opposing":[108],"arguments":[109],"can":[110],"clustered":[112],"pragmatic/practical,":[114],"societal":[115],"epistemic":[117],"reasons,":[118],"all":[119],"of":[120,170],"contemplated":[125],"when":[126],"engaging":[127],"developing":[132],"resulting":[133],"artificial":[134],"moral":[135],"agents.":[136],"Furthermore,":[137],"the":[138,177],"mentioned":[139],"recommendations":[140],"for":[141,147],"companies\u2019":[142],"technological":[143],"design":[144],"development,":[146],"industry\u2019s":[148],"governance":[149],"measures":[150],"academia\u2019s":[152],"research":[153],"endeavors":[154],"recapitulated":[156],"summarized":[158],"holistic":[161],"framework":[162],"facilitate":[166],"reflected":[168],"implementation":[169],"\u2018ethics":[171],"design\u2019":[175],"future.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}