{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383816064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-023-00319-z","title":"Speciesist bias in AI: a reply to Arandjelovi\u0107","display_name":"Speciesist bias in AI: a reply to Arandjelovi\u0107","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383816064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-023-00319-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-023-00319-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-023-00319-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-023-00319-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-023-00319-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054520530","display_name":"Thilo Hagendorff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4633-2153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thilo Hagendorff","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRF IRIS, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRF IRIS, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075209132","display_name":"Leonie Bossert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1870-8002"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonie Bossert","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Center for Ethics in the Sciences and Humanities, University of Tuebingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Center for Ethics in the Sciences and Humanities, University of Tuebingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012157836","display_name":"Tse Yip Fai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29955533","display_name":"Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jh5a977","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I29955533"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tse Yip Fai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University, Princeton, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University, Princeton, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29955533","https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062509172","display_name":"Peter Singer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-4314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164901","display_name":"Center for Human Reproduction","ror":"https://ror.org/05avmsq62","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164901"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Singer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Center for Human Values, Princeton University, Princeton, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Center for Human Values, Princeton University, Princeton, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164901","https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054520530"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.3616,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56946295,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"1043","last_page":"1047"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10838","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12281","display_name":"Animal testing and alternatives","score":0.9513999819755554,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mindset","display_name":"Mindset","score":0.8215427398681641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropocentrism","display_name":"Anthropocentrism","score":0.5570230484008789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debiasing","display_name":"Debiasing","score":0.5022757053375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4989345073699951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.4787692129611969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.40836408734321594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.40410685539245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.34727269411087036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3341653347015381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.32047873735427856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.17763221263885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-ethics","display_name":"Environmental ethics","score":0.16606813669204712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.1451999545097351}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778491294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339824","display_name":"Mindset","level":2,"score":0.8215427398681641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7807463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191624","display_name":"Anthropocentrism","level":2,"score":0.5570230484008789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779458634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24963715","display_name":"Debiasing","level":2,"score":0.5022757053375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4989345073699951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4787692129611969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.40836408734321594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.40410685539245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.34727269411087036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3341653347015381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32047873735427856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.17763221263885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.16606813669204712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.1451999545097351}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-023-00319-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-023-00319-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-023-00319-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-023-00319-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-023-00319-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-023-00319-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325850","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383816064.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W618107872","https://openalex.org/W628631297","https://openalex.org/W2045137453","https://openalex.org/W2057383388","https://openalex.org/W2062350281","https://openalex.org/W2120517555","https://openalex.org/W2123993361","https://openalex.org/W2133737038","https://openalex.org/W2155117264","https://openalex.org/W2267233919","https://openalex.org/W2609608675","https://openalex.org/W2804990389","https://openalex.org/W3089745382","https://openalex.org/W3111105858","https://openalex.org/W3161982652","https://openalex.org/W3194314025","https://openalex.org/W4225662609","https://openalex.org/W4226363401","https://openalex.org/W4231975330","https://openalex.org/W4237929639","https://openalex.org/W4256100548","https://openalex.org/W4293672040","https://openalex.org/W4313890144","https://openalex.org/W4385144302"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386875279","https://openalex.org/W4362554880","https://openalex.org/W4281684980","https://openalex.org/W2171721708","https://openalex.org/W3214527415","https://openalex.org/W4287887864","https://openalex.org/W1495104519","https://openalex.org/W4390963114","https://openalex.org/W4225584739","https://openalex.org/W2199432031"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"elimination":[2],"of":[3,83,94,113],"biases":[4,11],"in":[5,20,66,72,76,106,126],"artificial":[6],"intelligence":[7],"(AI)":[8],"applications\u2014for":[9],"example":[10],"based":[12],"on":[13,49,59,62],"race":[14],"or":[15,52],"gender\u2014is":[16],"a":[17,70,119],"high":[18],"priority":[19],"AI":[21,45,73,107],"ethics.":[22],"So":[23],"far,":[24],"however,":[25],"efforts":[26],"to":[27],"eliminate":[28],"bias":[29],"have":[30,38,48],"all":[31],"been":[32,40],"anthropocentric.":[33],"Biases":[34],"against":[35],"nonhuman":[36],"animals":[37],"not":[39],"considered,":[41],"despite":[42],"the":[43,54,92],"influence":[44],"systems":[46],"can":[47],"normalizing,":[50],"increasing,":[51],"reducing":[53],"violence":[55],"that":[56,132],"is":[57],"inflicted":[58],"animals,":[60],"especially":[61],"farmed":[63],"animals.":[64],"Hence,":[65],"2022,":[67],"we":[68,78],"published":[69],"paper":[71],"and":[74,88,108,123],"Ethics":[75,109],"which":[77],"empirically":[79],"investigated":[80],"various":[81],"examples":[82],"image":[84],"recognition,":[85],"word":[86],"embedding,":[87],"language":[89],"models,":[90],"with":[91],"aim":[93],"testing":[95],"whether":[96],"they":[97],"perpetuate":[98],"speciesist":[99],"biases.":[100],"A":[101],"critical":[102],"response":[103],"has":[104],"appeared":[105],",":[110],"accusing":[111],"us":[112],"drawing":[114],"upon":[115],"theological":[116],"arguments,":[117],"having":[118],"naive":[120],"anti-speciesist":[121],"mindset,":[122],"making":[124],"mistakes":[125],"our":[127],"empirical":[128],"analyses.":[129],"We":[130],"show":[131],"these":[133],"claims":[134],"are":[135],"misleading.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-01-23T23:20:30.427331","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
