{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3125191377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-020-00034-z","title":"Moral responsibility for computationally designed products","display_name":"Moral responsibility for computationally designed products","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3125191377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-020-00034-z","mag":"3125191377"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-020-00034-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-020-00034-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-020-00034-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-020-00034-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059367367","display_name":"David Douglas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2448-871X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David M. Douglas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Responsible Innovation Future Science Platform, CSIRO, Brisbane, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2448-871X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Responsible Innovation Future Science Platform, CSIRO, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068183098","display_name":"David Howard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5012-7224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Howard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics and Autonomous Systems Group, CSIRO, Brisbane, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics and Autonomous Systems Group, CSIRO, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084324686","display_name":"Justine Lacey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7559-0143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justine Lacey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Responsible Innovation Future Science Platform, CSIRO, Brisbane, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Responsible Innovation Future Science Platform, CSIRO, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059367367"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":1.2658,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8188301,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"3","first_page":"273","last_page":"281"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.9592000246047974,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9161999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-responsibility","display_name":"Moral responsibility","score":0.5841092467308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.5522550940513611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-design","display_name":"Product design","score":0.5304493308067322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumentalism","display_name":"Instrumentalism","score":0.5299830436706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.511380136013031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5079720616340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-responsibility","display_name":"Social responsibility","score":0.479418009519577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.4183374047279358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.3242209851741791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2400609254837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2219589650630951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.10557326674461365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.09254279732704163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.09184759855270386}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111476811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5190255","display_name":"Moral responsibility","level":2,"score":0.5841092467308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5522550940513611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120823896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1043226","display_name":"Product design","level":3,"score":0.5304493308067322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198087647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856063","display_name":"Instrumentalism","level":2,"score":0.5299830436706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.511380136013031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5079720616340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147598955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3427818","display_name":"Social responsibility","level":2,"score":0.479418009519577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4183374047279358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3242209851741791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2400609254837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2219589650630951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10557326674461365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09254279732704163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.09184759855270386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-020-00034-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-020-00034-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-020-00034-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-020-00034-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-020-00034-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-020-00034-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320386","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3125191377.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3125191377.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1876069","https://openalex.org/W144757554","https://openalex.org/W161064479","https://openalex.org/W1512483161","https://openalex.org/W1516338434","https://openalex.org/W1544005079","https://openalex.org/W1675649962","https://openalex.org/W1969548085","https://openalex.org/W1976787862","https://openalex.org/W2020399841","https://openalex.org/W2072871886","https://openalex.org/W2073020714","https://openalex.org/W2073401795","https://openalex.org/W2074606570","https://openalex.org/W2087710120","https://openalex.org/W2106850311","https://openalex.org/W2125906904","https://openalex.org/W2143063108","https://openalex.org/W2173128801","https://openalex.org/W2218131990","https://openalex.org/W2341057945","https://openalex.org/W2518760326","https://openalex.org/W2739225241","https://openalex.org/W2767837247","https://openalex.org/W2774185825","https://openalex.org/W2913076445","https://openalex.org/W2919009791","https://openalex.org/W2919674582","https://openalex.org/W2922720375","https://openalex.org/W3001236365","https://openalex.org/W3015475346","https://openalex.org/W3019114953","https://openalex.org/W3029255035","https://openalex.org/W3082653114","https://openalex.org/W3104023417","https://openalex.org/W3162173425","https://openalex.org/W3173585017","https://openalex.org/W4232127533","https://openalex.org/W4244750429","https://openalex.org/W4289765287","https://openalex.org/W6758361944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145098170","https://openalex.org/W2907045021","https://openalex.org/W4289715594","https://openalex.org/W2158482288","https://openalex.org/W4283721203","https://openalex.org/W4315629541","https://openalex.org/W2377225795","https://openalex.org/W4385066347","https://openalex.org/W2366800626","https://openalex.org/W3129390083"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Computational":[1],"design":[2,24,86,131,174,220],"systems":[3,21,87,105,132,163,175,181],"(such":[4],"as":[5,41],"those":[6],"using":[7,129],"evolutionary":[8],"algorithms)":[9],"can":[10],"create":[11,110],"designs":[12,79],"for":[13,31,53,74,76,95,115,126,140,161,185],"a":[14,28],"variety":[15],"of":[16,137,155,158,179,204,217],"physical":[17],"products.":[18],"Introducing":[19],"these":[20,104,156,180,195],"into":[22],"the":[23,34,84,99,107,165,168,177,191,202,212,215,218],"process":[25],"risks":[26],"creating":[27,77,96],"\u2018responsibility":[29],"gap\u2019":[30],"flaws":[32,187],"in":[33,190],"products":[35,127,192],"they":[36,49],"are":[37,50,91,182],"used":[38],"to":[39,57,70,80],"create,":[40],"human":[42,89,100],"designers":[43,90,101,170],"may":[44],"no":[45,123],"longer":[46],"believe":[47],"that":[48,82,120,152,167],"wholly":[51],"responsible":[52,73,94,184],"them.":[54],"We":[55,118,150,197],"respond":[56],"this":[58],"problem":[59],"by":[60,133,194,199],"distinguishing":[61],"between":[62,211],"causal":[63],"responsibility":[64,67,114,124,139,160],"and":[65,88,106,142,147,176,206],"capacity":[66,113],"(the":[68],"ability":[69],"be":[71,209],"morally":[72,183],"actions)":[75],"product":[78,97,169,213],"argue":[81,151],"while":[83],"computational":[85,130,173,219],"both":[92],"casually":[93],"designs,":[98],"who":[102,109,171],"use":[103,172],"developers":[108,178,216],"them":[111],"have":[112],"such":[116],"designs.":[117],"show":[119],"there":[121],"is":[122],"gap":[125],"designed":[128,193],"comparing":[134],"different":[135],"accounts":[136,157],"moral":[138,159],"robots":[141],"AI":[143,162],"(instrumentalism,":[144],"machine":[145],"ethics,":[146],"hybrid":[148],"responsibility).":[149],"all":[153],"three":[154],"support":[164],"conclusion":[166],"any":[186],"or":[188],"faults":[189],"systems.":[196,221],"conclude":[198],"showing":[200],"how":[201],"responsibilities":[203],"accountability":[205],"blameworthiness":[207],"should":[208],"attributed":[210],"designers,":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}