{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3109367763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-020-00028-x","title":"Automation, work and the\u00a0achievement gap","display_name":"Automation, work and the\u00a0achievement gap","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3109367763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-020-00028-x","mag":"3109367763"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-020-00028-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-020-00028-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-020-00028-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-020-00028-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057953350","display_name":"John Danaher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5879-3160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188760350","display_name":"Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Danaher","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Law, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5879-3160","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Law, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072438110","display_name":"Sven Nyholm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3836-5932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sven Nyholm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072438110"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":2.8557,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91500039,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"3","first_page":"227","last_page":"237"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11997","display_name":"Free Will and Agency","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.6808083057403564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.6078743934631348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.6072065234184265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/existentialism","display_name":"Existentialism","score":0.4272419810295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.424032062292099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4143370985984802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3461254835128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2242422103881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20634767413139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.09527352452278137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.6808083057403564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6078743934631348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6072065234184265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127882523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38066","display_name":"Existentialism","level":2,"score":0.4272419810295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.424032062292099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4143370985984802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3461254835128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2242422103881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20634767413139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09527352452278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-020-00028-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-020-00028-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-020-00028-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/470002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/470002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/DANAWA","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philarchive.org/rec/DANAWA","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:philpapers.org/rec/DANAWA","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philpapers.org/rec/DANAWA","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402131","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43681-020-00028-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-020-00028-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-020-00028-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170699","display_name":"AI and Ethics","issn_l":"2730-5953","issn":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI and Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2564027873","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NWO 024.004.031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321799","funder_display_name":"Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4103355609","display_name":"Ethics of Socially Disruptive Technologies","funder_award_id":"024.004.031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6682150001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant number 024.004.031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G894421930","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NWO 024.004.031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321010","display_name":"Universiteit Utrecht","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321799","display_name":"Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap","ror":"https://ror.org/02x3w5g21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3109367763.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3109367763.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W589101806","https://openalex.org/W642977354","https://openalex.org/W1000298444","https://openalex.org/W1271805369","https://openalex.org/W1598488460","https://openalex.org/W1601387858","https://openalex.org/W1606044902","https://openalex.org/W1608124368","https://openalex.org/W1821977771","https://openalex.org/W1908844271","https://openalex.org/W1941540772","https://openalex.org/W2034925936","https://openalex.org/W2087710120","https://openalex.org/W2273365455","https://openalex.org/W2306353386","https://openalex.org/W2489951591","https://openalex.org/W2584164347","https://openalex.org/W2738218048","https://openalex.org/W2766727509","https://openalex.org/W2795880220","https://openalex.org/W2904611032","https://openalex.org/W2950371676","https://openalex.org/W2953476188","https://openalex.org/W2977172190","https://openalex.org/W2984754495","https://openalex.org/W2996347556","https://openalex.org/W3010700816","https://openalex.org/W3026367857","https://openalex.org/W3040902286","https://openalex.org/W3173032389","https://openalex.org/W3193439412","https://openalex.org/W4210984752","https://openalex.org/W4232158464","https://openalex.org/W4235204989","https://openalex.org/W4237026125","https://openalex.org/W4237029207","https://openalex.org/W4237497717","https://openalex.org/W4252527734","https://openalex.org/W4256415601","https://openalex.org/W4300455929","https://openalex.org/W4401142165"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385364491","https://openalex.org/W2625646796","https://openalex.org/W3041624257","https://openalex.org/W219899776","https://openalex.org/W2158722153","https://openalex.org/W4210465737","https://openalex.org/W2356175078","https://openalex.org/W2474767644","https://openalex.org/W2974802953","https://openalex.org/W141267447"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Rapid":[1],"advances":[2,62],"in":[3,63,74,84,93,108],"AI-based":[4],"automation":[5,66],"have":[6],"led":[7],"to":[8,26,69,82,132],"a":[9,52,70],"number":[10,71],"of":[11,45,55,87,100,120],"existential":[12],"and":[13,60,65,116],"economic":[14],"concerns.":[15],"In":[16,34],"particular,":[17],"as":[18],"automating":[19],"technologies":[20],"develop":[21],"enhanced":[22],"competency,":[23],"they":[24,96],"seem":[25],"threaten":[27],"the":[28,43,75,98,101,109,118,123,133],"values":[29],"associated":[30],"with":[31],"meaningful":[32,59,85],"work.":[33,88],"this":[35],"article,":[36],"we":[37],"focus":[38],"on":[39,111],"one":[40],"such":[41],"value:":[42],"value":[44],"achievement.":[46],"We":[47],"argue":[48],"that":[49,61],"achievement":[50,72,121],"is":[51],"key":[53],"part":[54],"what":[56],"makes":[57],"work":[58],"AI":[64,112],"give":[67],"rise":[68],"gaps":[73,90,104],"workplace.":[76],"This":[77],"could":[78],"limit":[79],"people\u2019s":[80],"ability":[81],"participate":[83],"forms":[86],"Achievement":[89],"are":[91,97],"interesting,":[92],"part,":[94],"because":[95],"inverse":[99],"(negative)":[102],"responsibility":[103],"already":[105],"widely":[106],"discussed":[107],"literature":[110],"ethics.":[113],"Having":[114],"described":[115],"explained":[117],"problem":[119],"gaps,":[122],"article":[124],"concludes":[125],"by":[126],"identifying":[127],"four":[128],"possible":[129],"policy":[130],"responses":[131],"problem.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}