{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164822452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-026-05154-7","title":"Secure Routing and Attack Detection in VANETs Using BCS-DMCO Optimization","display_name":"Secure Routing and Attack Detection in VANETs Using BCS-DMCO Optimization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164822452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-026-05154-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-026-05154-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-026-05154-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138678371","display_name":"Muhammadu Sathik Raja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2119-1523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146157","display_name":"Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Group of Institutions","ror":"https://ror.org/04dmgvm89","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146157"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammadu Sathik Raja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering, Dhanalakshimi Srinivasan University, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2119-1523","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering, Dhanalakshimi Srinivasan University, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011661590","display_name":"Elangovan Muniyandy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2349-3701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85461943","display_name":"Saveetha University","ror":"https://ror.org/0034me914","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85461943"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elangovan Muniyandy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602 105, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2349-3701","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602 105, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85461943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108759240","display_name":"K. Ambika","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145126","display_name":"Aditya Birla (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/03pztks36","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262389","display_name":"Aditya University","ror":"https://ror.org/03127q162","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405262389"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krovvidi S. B. Ambika","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of CSE, Aditya University, Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, 533437, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2422-6162","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CSE, Aditya University, Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, 533437, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145126","https://openalex.org/I4405262389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100740638","display_name":"P. Rajeswari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8977528","display_name":"Dr. Hari Singh Gour University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xapxe37","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8977528"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Rajeswari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560078, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8532-4212","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560078, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8977528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138645539","display_name":"Harshini Gadam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harshini Gadam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Finance, University Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Finance, University Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101932034","display_name":"Avijit Mondal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1016-2778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175399479","display_name":"Haldia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0211bs523","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175399479"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avijit Mondal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, 721657, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6649-367X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, 721657, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175399479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138675069","display_name":"Mohan Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4914-2269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180771373","display_name":"Government Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/05w6g2m14","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180771373"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohan Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Bio Medical Engineering, PSR Engineering College, Sivakasi, Sevalpatti, Appayanaickenpatti, Tamil Nadu, 626140, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4914-2269","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Bio Medical Engineering, PSR Engineering College, Sivakasi, Sevalpatti, Appayanaickenpatti, Tamil Nadu, 626140, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180771373"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5138678371"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146157"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52506891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.968500018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.968500018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13918","display_name":"Advanced Data and IoT Technologies","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5188999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.4846999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4587000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.3865000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","score":0.37229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.3465000092983246}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5188999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4855000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.4846999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4587000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.3865000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.37229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3465000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.33309999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29436982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3700557","display_name":"Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector routing","level":5,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40128228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460851","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202385902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229441","display_name":"Distance-vector routing protocol","level":5,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-026-05154-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-026-05154-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8919075131416321}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2954966045","https://openalex.org/W2965055566","https://openalex.org/W2998009771","https://openalex.org/W3091864442","https://openalex.org/W3109763490","https://openalex.org/W3193193853","https://openalex.org/W4239928271","https://openalex.org/W4283837850","https://openalex.org/W4322502842","https://openalex.org/W4403426407","https://openalex.org/W4405853350"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2026-06-16T00:00:00"}