{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161801974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-026-04980-z","title":"Exploring the Effects of Asynchronous Collaborative Art in VR with PaintBranch","display_name":"Exploring the Effects of Asynchronous Collaborative Art in VR with PaintBranch","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161801974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-026-04980-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-026-04980-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-026-04980-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-026-04980-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-026-04980-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108075390","display_name":"A. David","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203847022","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/04ea70f07","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203847022"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana David","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I203847022"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036571605","display_name":"Daniele Giunchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1674-8876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Giunchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, London, UK","University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1674-8876","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136535719","display_name":"Stuart James","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2649-2133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stuart James","raw_affiliation_strings":["Durham University, Durham, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2649-2133","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University, Durham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071447827","display_name":"Anthony Steed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-3020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Steed","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-3020","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015893090","display_name":"Augusto Esteves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1621-5375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203847022","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/04ea70f07","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203847022"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Augusto Esteves","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITI/LARSyS, Lisbon, Portugal","Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1621-5375","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITI/LARSyS, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I203847022"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015893090"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I203847022"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61312462,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.40310001373291016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.40310001373291016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.3183000087738037,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.03790000081062317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closeness","display_name":"Closeness","score":0.73580002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/painting","display_name":"Painting","score":0.5364000201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5152000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collaborative-learning","display_name":"Collaborative learning","score":0.4465999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ideation","display_name":"Ideation","score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-satisfaction","display_name":"User satisfaction","score":0.29350000619888306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779545769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135364","display_name":"Closeness","level":2,"score":0.73580002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205783811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11629","display_name":"Painting","level":2,"score":0.5364000201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5152000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5016999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138020889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349659","display_name":"Collaborative learning","level":2,"score":0.4465999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.44279998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170477896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17039022","display_name":"Ideation","level":2,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017893058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q999278","display_name":"User satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150672426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191183","display_name":"Brainstorming","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554579003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474157","display_name":"Collaborative software","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21569690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94702","display_name":"Collaborative filtering","level":3,"score":0.2606000006198883}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-026-04980-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-026-04980-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-026-04980-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:5444226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/5444226/1/Published%20Journal%20Article","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-026-04980-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-026-04980-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-026-04980-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323424","display_name":"Universidade de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7161801974.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7161801974.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13559131","https://openalex.org/W173050172","https://openalex.org/W1600255172","https://openalex.org/W1968947694","https://openalex.org/W1972000103","https://openalex.org/W1984581443","https://openalex.org/W1985363313","https://openalex.org/W2037130647","https://openalex.org/W2120017146","https://openalex.org/W2133001470","https://openalex.org/W2136757566","https://openalex.org/W2217820331","https://openalex.org/W2498492984","https://openalex.org/W2534509533","https://openalex.org/W2579904706","https://openalex.org/W2765233355","https://openalex.org/W2770339679","https://openalex.org/W2771216793","https://openalex.org/W2794136334","https://openalex.org/W2806894900","https://openalex.org/W2953881450","https://openalex.org/W2965222294","https://openalex.org/W2966411135","https://openalex.org/W2967689359","https://openalex.org/W2983551767","https://openalex.org/W2989719252","https://openalex.org/W3029783375","https://openalex.org/W3031086278","https://openalex.org/W3045506326","https://openalex.org/W3080913128","https://openalex.org/W3082956703","https://openalex.org/W3088724495","https://openalex.org/W3095277187","https://openalex.org/W3132436754","https://openalex.org/W3173123194","https://openalex.org/W3173477553","https://openalex.org/W3173873710","https://openalex.org/W3188903137","https://openalex.org/W3207347294","https://openalex.org/W3217383357","https://openalex.org/W4210470894","https://openalex.org/W4220666694","https://openalex.org/W4221145703","https://openalex.org/W4224271873","https://openalex.org/W4229894864","https://openalex.org/W4281687176","https://openalex.org/W4306156537","https://openalex.org/W4366239702","https://openalex.org/W4366548640","https://openalex.org/W4367662705","https://openalex.org/W4394805681","https://openalex.org/W4400129687","https://openalex.org/W6941529692"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1,181],"present":[2],"PaintBranch,":[3],"a":[4],"novel":[5],"VR":[6],"prototype":[7],"for":[8,126],"asynchronous":[9],"collaborative":[10,26,177],"art":[11],"creation":[12],"that":[13,115],"incorporates":[14],"version":[15],"control":[16],"to":[17,37,175,197],"encourage":[18],"ideation":[19],"and":[20,85,112,154,178,201,209],"minimise":[21],"creative":[22],"conflicts":[23],"during":[24],"the":[25,91,150,156,212],"process.":[27],"Our":[28,43,77,167],"first":[29,78],"user":[30,45,79],"study":[31,46,80,105],"(N":[32],"=":[33],"8)":[34],"allowed":[35],"us":[36],"iterate":[38],"over":[39,54,129],"PaintBranch\u2019s":[40,164],"branching":[41,165],"UI.":[42],"second":[44,108],"involved":[47],"four":[48,75],"pairs":[49,63,159],"of":[50,64,158,160,211],"participants":[51,65,133,161],"collaborating":[52],"asynchronously":[53],"several":[55],"days:":[56],"32":[57],"painting":[58,69,152],"sessions":[59,70],"in":[60,87,90],"total":[61],"(four":[62],"$$\\times":[66,73],"$$":[67,74],"two":[68],"per":[71],"day":[72],"days).":[76],"suggested":[81],"higher":[82],"perceived":[83],"collaboration":[84,113],"closeness":[86],"PaintBranch":[88,174,186],"than":[89],"pen-and-paper":[92],"baseline,":[93],"but":[94],"these":[95],"patterns":[96],"should":[97],"be":[98,188],"interpreted":[99],"cautiously":[100],"given":[101],"our":[102,118],"fixed-order,":[103],"cross-medium":[104],"design.":[106],"The":[107],"illustrated":[109],"different":[110],"uses":[111],"profiles":[114],"emerged":[116],"from":[117],"sessions.":[119],"This":[120],"includes":[121],"how":[122,132,141,155,170,185,202],"experienced":[123],"artists":[124,171],"painted":[125],"shorter":[127],"periods":[128],"larger":[130,194],"areas,":[131],"reported":[134],"high":[135],"satisfaction":[136,143],"with":[137,144,163],"their":[138,145],"collaborator\u2019s":[139],"work,":[140],"participants\u2019":[142],"own":[146],"work":[147],"increased":[148],"towards":[149],"last":[151],"session,":[153],"majority":[157],"engaged":[162],"features.":[166],"results":[168],"highlight":[169],"could":[172],"leverage":[173],"fulfil":[176],"personal":[179],"needs.":[180],"conclude":[182],"by":[183],"discussing":[184],"can":[187,205],"further":[189],"explored":[190],"through":[191],"collaborations":[192],"involving":[193],"participant":[195],"numbers":[196],"synchronous,":[198],"collocated":[199],"experiences,":[200],"those":[203],"experiences":[204],"affect":[206],"co-presence,":[207],"UX,":[208],"ownership":[210],"artwork.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2026-05-21T00:00:00"}