{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154696643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-026-04968-9","title":"Hard Real-Time Deep Learning for Security-Critical Streams: An Integrative Algorithmic Framework for Cybersecurity, Scientific Analytics, and Decision Making","display_name":"Hard Real-Time Deep Learning for Security-Critical Streams: An Integrative Algorithmic Framework for Cybersecurity, Scientific Analytics, and Decision Making","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154696643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-026-04968-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-026-04968-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-026-04968-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-026-04968-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-026-04968-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028407655","display_name":"Bekim Fetaji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9578-9443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095282","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology Kosovo","ror":"https://ror.org/00xtqnh37","country_code":"XK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095282"]}],"countries":["XK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bekim Fetaji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Information Technologies, RIT Kosovo (A.U.K), Rochester Institute of Technology, RIT Global Campus, Pristina, Kosovo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Information Technologies, RIT Kosovo (A.U.K), Rochester Institute of Technology, RIT Global Campus, Pristina, Kosovo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095282"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027099057","display_name":"Debabrata Samanta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4118-2480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095282","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology Kosovo","ror":"https://ror.org/00xtqnh37","country_code":"XK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095282"]}],"countries":["XK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Debabrata Samanta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Information Technologies, RIT Kosovo (A.U.K), Rochester Institute of Technology, RIT Global Campus, Pristina, Kosovo"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4118-2480","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Information Technologies, RIT Kosovo (A.U.K), Rochester Institute of Technology, RIT Global Campus, Pristina, Kosovo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095282"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027099057"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095282"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44636771,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.2190999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.2190999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.1006999984383583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.08250000327825546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6829000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.2689000070095062}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6829000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6015999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6004999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131419983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1909845","display_name":"Deep time","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-026-04968-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-026-04968-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-026-04968-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-026-04968-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-026-04968-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-026-04968-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6962548494338989,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7154696643.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7154696643.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2962677625","https://openalex.org/W4254366724","https://openalex.org/W4280515408","https://openalex.org/W4280588120","https://openalex.org/W4280639210","https://openalex.org/W4280652720","https://openalex.org/W4285257193","https://openalex.org/W4311926175","https://openalex.org/W4362671043","https://openalex.org/W4380446344","https://openalex.org/W4381104119","https://openalex.org/W4395959085","https://openalex.org/W4403678536","https://openalex.org/W4405396374","https://openalex.org/W4406185142","https://openalex.org/W4409145334","https://openalex.org/W4409573859","https://openalex.org/W4411000535","https://openalex.org/W4411000560","https://openalex.org/W4411000584","https://openalex.org/W4411000585","https://openalex.org/W4411000617","https://openalex.org/W4411000650","https://openalex.org/W4411000712","https://openalex.org/W4411000810","https://openalex.org/W4411004749","https://openalex.org/W4413133283","https://openalex.org/W4413780702"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,67,103,153,245],"growth":[2],"of":[3,43,80,161,239],"high-velocity":[4],"data":[5,29],"flows":[6],"in":[7,53,58,64,86,141,144,262],"security-important":[8],"fields,":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11],"network":[12],"cybersecurity":[13,196],"or":[14,77,165],"big-data":[15],"scientific":[16,204],"computing,":[17],"has":[18,70],"generated":[19],"an":[20,119,235],"acute":[21],"demand":[22],"among":[23],"smart":[24],"systems":[25,76],"that":[26,89,117,147,210],"can":[27,62],"handle":[28],"within":[30,97,237],"strict":[31,98],"operational":[32],"deadline":[33,61,226],"limits.":[34],"Although":[35],"deep":[36,255],"learning":[37],"(DL)":[38],"models":[39,220],"provide":[40],"unprecedented":[41],"levels":[42],"analysis":[44],"power,":[45],"their":[46],"computational":[47,159],"intensity":[48],"also":[49],"makes":[50],"them":[51],"unsuitable":[52],"applications":[54],"where":[55],"any":[56],"break":[57],"the":[59,87,106,139,158,162,171,185,193,200,211,240,258],"decision":[60],"result":[63],"disastrous":[65],"outcomes.":[66],"current":[68],"literature":[69,88],"either":[71],"concentrated":[72],"on":[73,178,187],"soft":[74],"real-time":[75],"fixed-point":[78],"optimisation":[79],"models,":[81,224],"and":[82,151,176,199,221],"a":[83,113,123,130,145,179,249,263],"large":[84],"gap":[85],"provides":[90],"dynamic,":[91],"adaptive":[92],"frameworks":[93],"to":[94,136,231],"ensure":[95],"performance":[96],"latency":[99,177],"constraints":[100],"remains":[101],"open.":[102],"paper":[104],"presents":[105],"Dynamic":[107],"Gated":[108],"Temporal":[109,125],"Convolutional":[110,126],"Network":[111,127],"(DG-TCN),":[112],"new":[114,250],"integrative":[115],"architecture":[116,140],"combines":[118],"efficient":[120],"feature":[121],"extractor,":[122],"lightweight":[124],"(TCN),":[128],"with":[129],"Deep":[131],"Reinforcement":[132],"Learning":[133],"(DRL)":[134],"agent":[135,155],"dynamically":[137,156],"modulate":[138],"real":[142],"time":[143],"manner":[146],"is":[148],"both":[149,217],"practical":[150,259],"scalable.":[152],"DRL":[154],"adjusts":[157],"graph":[160],"TCN\u2014selectively":[163],"activating":[164],"bypassing":[166],"convolutional":[167],"blocks\u2014to":[168],"actively":[169],"manage":[170],"trade-off":[172],"between":[173],"inference":[174],"accuracy":[175],"per-batch":[180],"basis.":[181],"We":[182],"empirically":[183],"validate":[184],"DG-TCN":[186,212],"two":[188],"disparate,":[189],"high-volume":[190],"public":[191],"datasets:":[192],"CSE-CIC-IDS2018":[194],"for":[195,203,252,267],"threat":[197],"detection":[198],"HIGGS":[201],"dataset":[202],"particle":[205],"classification.":[206],"Our":[207],"results":[208],"demonstrate":[209],"outperforms,":[213],"across":[214],"evaluated":[215],"conditions,":[216],"high-accuracy":[218],"static":[219,223],"low-latency":[222],"reducing":[225],"miss":[227],"rates":[228],"by":[229],"up":[230],"78%":[232],"while":[233,257],"maintaining":[234],"F1-score":[236],"3%":[238],"much":[241],"larger,":[242],"non-real-time":[243],"model.":[244],"theoretical":[246],"contributions":[247],"include":[248],"paradigm":[251],"deadline-constrained,":[253],"adaptive-depth":[254],"learning,":[256],"benefits":[260],"manifest":[261],"practically":[264],"deployable":[265],"solution":[266],"latency-sensitive,":[268],"security-critical":[269],"decision-making":[270],"systems.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2026-04-18T00:00:00"}