{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7139972989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-026-04897-7","title":"Automatic Detection of Abnormal Heart Sounds Using Deep Audio Embeddings from Unsegmented PCG Signals","display_name":"Automatic Detection of Abnormal Heart Sounds Using Deep Audio Embeddings from Unsegmented PCG Signals","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7139972989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-026-04897-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-026-04897-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-026-04897-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106060459","display_name":"Ali Adjal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095290","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Larbi T\u00e9bessi","ror":"https://ror.org/00tnac320","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095290"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali Adjal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Systems (LAMIS), Echahid Cheikh Laarbi Tebessi University, Tebessa, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4771-4346","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Systems (LAMIS), Echahid Cheikh Laarbi Tebessi University, Tebessa, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025494269","display_name":"Issam Bendib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9153-8161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095290","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Larbi T\u00e9bessi","ror":"https://ror.org/00tnac320","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095290"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Issam Bendib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Systems (LAMIS), Echahid Cheikh Laarbi Tebessi University, Tebessa, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Systems (LAMIS), Echahid Cheikh Laarbi Tebessi University, Tebessa, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053820144","display_name":"M. R. Haouam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095290","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Larbi T\u00e9bessi","ror":"https://ror.org/00tnac320","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095290"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Yassine Haouam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Systems (LAMIS), Echahid Cheikh Laarbi Tebessi University, Tebessa, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Systems (LAMIS), Echahid Cheikh Laarbi Tebessi University, Tebessa, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082362296","display_name":"Abdallah Meraoumia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1387-380X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095290","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Larbi T\u00e9bessi","ror":"https://ror.org/00tnac320","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095290"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdallah Meraoumia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Systems (LAMIS), Echahid Cheikh Laarbi Tebessi University, Tebessa, Algeria","Laboratory of Signals and Smart Systems (L3S), Echahid Cheikh Laarbi Tebessi University, Tebessa, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Systems (LAMIS), Echahid Cheikh Laarbi Tebessi University, Tebessa, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095290"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Signals and Smart Systems (L3S), Echahid Cheikh Laarbi Tebessi University, Tebessa, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095290"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020098472","display_name":"Boudjemaa Khelifa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-2249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095290","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Larbi T\u00e9bessi","ror":"https://ror.org/00tnac320","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095290"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boudjemaa Khelifa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Systems (LAMIS), Echahid Cheikh Laarbi Tebessi University, Tebessa, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Systems (LAMIS), Echahid Cheikh Laarbi Tebessi University, Tebessa, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095290"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106060459"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095290"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63723742,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonocardiogram","display_name":"Phonocardiogram","score":0.8683000206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-sounds","display_name":"Heart sounds","score":0.5268999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5085999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.4611999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.45489999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43779999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.43709999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.40560001134872437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159693508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3301075","display_name":"Phonocardiogram","level":2,"score":0.8683000206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7178000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6823999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5404999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779435589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967103","display_name":"Heart sounds","level":2,"score":0.5268999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5085999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.4611999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.45489999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43779999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.43709999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.40560001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.37880000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45273575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578970","display_name":"Spectrogram","level":2,"score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.352400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64922751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4650799","display_name":"Audio signal","level":3,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.31360000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127220857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2719318","display_name":"Audio signal processing","level":4,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128422554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20077126","display_name":"Sound recording and reproduction","level":2,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34951282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864191","display_name":"Bioacoustics","level":2,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780379053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060911","display_name":"Heart murmur","level":2,"score":0.2540999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13852961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021880","display_name":"Heartbeat","level":2,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-026-04897-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-026-04897-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8324282765388489,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115144768","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2592046076","https://openalex.org/W2593116425","https://openalex.org/W2811161392","https://openalex.org/W2944090083","https://openalex.org/W2993118585","https://openalex.org/W3001215021","https://openalex.org/W3005771459","https://openalex.org/W3014826487","https://openalex.org/W3034476452","https://openalex.org/W3037146579","https://openalex.org/W3135849576","https://openalex.org/W3160714099","https://openalex.org/W3161470454","https://openalex.org/W3162241632","https://openalex.org/W3173795112","https://openalex.org/W3187283875","https://openalex.org/W3198272982","https://openalex.org/W3213342584","https://openalex.org/W4206533692","https://openalex.org/W4224018389","https://openalex.org/W4225888087","https://openalex.org/W4283394304","https://openalex.org/W4292690000","https://openalex.org/W4301745118","https://openalex.org/W4304084065","https://openalex.org/W4317941924","https://openalex.org/W4319461978","https://openalex.org/W4322753871","https://openalex.org/W4327955618","https://openalex.org/W4381804220","https://openalex.org/W4382799020","https://openalex.org/W4384937815","https://openalex.org/W4386838249","https://openalex.org/W4387186665","https://openalex.org/W4388071175","https://openalex.org/W4388626915","https://openalex.org/W4388923070","https://openalex.org/W4390597628","https://openalex.org/W4391613588","https://openalex.org/W4392554385","https://openalex.org/W4400262054","https://openalex.org/W4400877127","https://openalex.org/W4401990123","https://openalex.org/W4403210833","https://openalex.org/W4403604944","https://openalex.org/W4407690575","https://openalex.org/W4409871281"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-23T06:02:50.125483","created_date":"2026-03-22T00:00:00"}