{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407602004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-025-03673-3","title":"The Effect of Generating Synthetic Data in Smart City Network Systems","display_name":"The Effect of Generating Synthetic Data in Smart City Network Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407602004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-025-03673-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-025-03673-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-025-03673-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-025-03673-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-025-03673-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042005248","display_name":"Pavel \u010cech","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2547-0629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75092371","display_name":"University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05k238v14","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pavel \u010cech","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitansk\u00e9ho 62, 50003, Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2547-0629","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitansk\u00e9ho 62, 50003, Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031348115","display_name":"Daniela Ponce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5190-0453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75092371","display_name":"University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05k238v14","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniela Ponce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitansk\u00e9ho 62, 50003, Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitansk\u00e9ho 62, 50003, Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032398865","display_name":"Peter Mikuleck\u00fd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2595-3989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75092371","display_name":"University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05k238v14","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Mikuleck\u00fd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitansk\u00e9ho 62, 50003, Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitansk\u00e9ho 62, 50003, Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073063310","display_name":"Andrea \u017dv\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4092-9522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75092371","display_name":"University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05k238v14","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea \u017dv\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitansk\u00e9ho 62, 50003, Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitansk\u00e9ho 62, 50003, Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084786487","display_name":"Karel Mls","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7681-8277"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karel Mls","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006162707","display_name":"Tereza Ot\u010den\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5725-9302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75092371","display_name":"University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05k238v14","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tereza Ot\u010den\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e1","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitansk\u00e9ho 62, 50003, Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitansk\u00e9ho 62, 50003, Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020029237","display_name":"Petr Tu\u010dn\u00edk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6705-8974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75092371","display_name":"University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05k238v14","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petr Tu\u010dn\u00edk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitansk\u00e9ho 62, 50003, Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitansk\u00e9ho 62, 50003, Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042005248"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75092371"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02431352,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4412645697593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.32008635997772217}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4412645697593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.32008635997772217}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-025-03673-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-025-03673-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-025-03673-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-025-03673-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-025-03673-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-025-03673-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1204471208","display_name":"Application of Artificial Intelligence for Ensuring Cyber Security for Smart City","funder_award_id":"VJ02010016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311333","funder_display_name":"Ministerstvo Vnitra \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1268354905","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"J02010016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311333","funder_display_name":"Ministerstvo Vnitra \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311333","display_name":"Ministerstvo Vnitra \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","ror":"https://ror.org/05w1nn565"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407602004.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407602004.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2296509296","https://openalex.org/W2789828921","https://openalex.org/W3162713625","https://openalex.org/W3199209662","https://openalex.org/W3201886739","https://openalex.org/W3209714930","https://openalex.org/W3216866735","https://openalex.org/W4205884137","https://openalex.org/W4224022798","https://openalex.org/W4285113841","https://openalex.org/W4296229353","https://openalex.org/W4296342837","https://openalex.org/W4310398036","https://openalex.org/W4313005202","https://openalex.org/W4315629661","https://openalex.org/W4360860566","https://openalex.org/W4366524776","https://openalex.org/W4382281941","https://openalex.org/W4385856279","https://openalex.org/W4387342650","https://openalex.org/W4387757573","https://openalex.org/W4387955726","https://openalex.org/W4391018724","https://openalex.org/W4391176503","https://openalex.org/W4391454421","https://openalex.org/W4391793345","https://openalex.org/W4392710543","https://openalex.org/W4392912146","https://openalex.org/W4395673998","https://openalex.org/W4397009732","https://openalex.org/W4398250116","https://openalex.org/W4400107225","https://openalex.org/W4400439110","https://openalex.org/W4401057486"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,200,223],"study":[1,55,145,202],"examines":[2],"the":[3,14,26,34,54,57,76,106,157,190,204,227,231,239],"effect":[4],"of":[5,16,59,108,120,125,159,178,189,193,233,242],"synthetic":[6,86,151,194,212],"data":[7,29,81,87,152,165,179,195,213,218,243],"generation":[8,88],"for":[9,70,89,153,166,206,211],"balancing":[10,30,52,116,180,219],"class":[11],"distributions":[12],"on":[13,62,79,181,230],"performance":[15,58,98],"classification":[17,32,64,111,221],"algorithms":[18],"in":[19,142,162,196,217,244],"smart":[20],"city":[21],"network":[22,45,163,198],"systems.":[23,249],"Contrary":[24],"to":[25,136,185,226],"assumption":[27],"that":[28,74],"improves":[31],"performance,":[33,183],"analysis":[35],"reveals":[36],"a":[37,186,207],"more":[38],"complex":[39],"impact.":[40],"Using":[41],"three":[42],"publicly":[43],"available":[44],"traffic":[46,164],"benchmark":[47],"datasets":[48],"and":[49,123,220,236],"four":[50],"different":[51],"techniques,":[53],"evaluates":[56],"five":[60],"classifiers":[61,73,95],"65":[63],"tasks.":[65],"The":[66,144,169],"findings":[67],"indicate":[68],"that,":[69],"smaller":[71],"datasets,":[72,115],"achieved":[75],"highest":[77],"accuracy":[78],"unbalanced":[80],"did":[82],"not":[83],"benefit":[84],"from":[85],"minority":[90,121],"classes.":[91],"Although":[92],"neural":[93],"network-based":[94],"showed":[96],"improved":[97],"with":[99,138,172],"balanced":[100],"data,":[101],"these":[102,132],"improvements":[103,133],"came":[104],"at":[105],"cost":[107],"lower":[109],"overall":[110],"scores.":[112],"For":[113],"larger":[114],"through":[117],"random":[118],"oversampling":[119],"classes":[122,127],"undersampling":[124],"majority":[126],"helped":[128],"improve":[129],"classification.":[130],"However,":[131],"were":[134],"limited":[135,191],"precision,":[137],"no":[139],"significant":[140],"gains":[141],"recall.":[143],"offers":[146],"valuable":[147],"insights":[148],"into":[149],"using":[150],"intrusion":[154,247],"detection,":[155],"emphasizing":[156,238],"challenges":[158],"intricate":[160],"dependencies":[161],"generative":[167],"models.":[168],"results":[170],"align":[171],"previous":[173],"research":[174],"showing":[175],"mixed":[176],"effects":[177],"classifier":[182],"contributing":[184],"broader":[187],"understanding":[188],"efficacy":[192],"real-world":[197],"contexts.":[199],"experimental":[201],"highlights":[203],"need":[205],"systematic":[208],"benchmarking":[209],"framework":[210],"research,":[214],"ensuring":[215],"consistency":[216],"processes.":[222],"work":[224],"contributes":[225],"ongoing":[228],"discourse":[229],"intersection":[232],"machine":[234],"learning":[235],"cybersecurity,":[237],"critical":[240],"role":[241],"developing":[245],"resilient":[246],"detection":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}