{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313893449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-022-01532-z","title":"The Universal Safety Format in Action: Tool Integration and Practical Application","display_name":"The Universal Safety Format in Action: Tool Integration and Practical Application","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313893449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-022-01532-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-022-01532-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-022-01532-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-022-01532-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-022-01532-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017511455","display_name":"Frederik Haxel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frederik Haxel","raw_affiliation_strings":["FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051095305","display_name":"Alexander Viehl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Viehl","raw_affiliation_strings":["FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043785194","display_name":"Michael Benkel","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Benkel","raw_affiliation_strings":["ScopeSET GmbH, Fischbachau, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ScopeSET GmbH, Fischbachau, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064076051","display_name":"Bjoern Beyreuther","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bjoern Beyreuther","raw_affiliation_strings":["ScopeSET GmbH, Fischbachau, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ScopeSET GmbH, Fischbachau, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079054563","display_name":"Klaus Birken","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Birken","raw_affiliation_strings":["itemis AG, Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"itemis AG, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057924795","display_name":"Rolf Schmedes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0326-1245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rolf Schmedes","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oldenburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oldenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027858506","display_name":"Kim Gr\u00fcttner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4988-3858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim Gr\u00fcttner","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oldenburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oldenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011419637","display_name":"Daniel Mueller-Gritschneder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-631X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Mueller-Gritschneder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017511455"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.2046,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43570003,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7484979033470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintainability","display_name":"Maintainability","score":0.646835207939148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5755407214164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-safety","display_name":"Functional safety","score":0.5689968466758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.5492956638336182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.43644773960113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.43427619338035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.432012140750885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4185045063495636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4183436632156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.39332497119903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.14296293258666992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13624542951583862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.0913781225681305}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7484979033470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160713754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389965","display_name":"Maintainability","level":2,"score":0.646835207939148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5755407214164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148493468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2646951","display_name":"Functional safety","level":2,"score":0.5689968466758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.5492956638336182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.43644773960113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.43427619338035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.432012140750885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4185045063495636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4183436632156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.39332497119903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.14296293258666992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13624542951583862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0913781225681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-022-01532-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-022-01532-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-022-01532-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:193132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-022-01532-z>.","pdf_url":"https://elib.dlr.de/193132/1/s42979-022-01532-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1761594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1761594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-022-01532-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-022-01532-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-022-01532-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G352791218","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(BMBF)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4704987635","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01IS17032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7225624288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"This work was","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313893449.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17882525","https://openalex.org/W1965979806","https://openalex.org/W2008856128","https://openalex.org/W2053221394","https://openalex.org/W2118741752","https://openalex.org/W2151392245","https://openalex.org/W2402686027","https://openalex.org/W2762342203","https://openalex.org/W2803591139","https://openalex.org/W2897175426","https://openalex.org/W2979839472","https://openalex.org/W2991652789","https://openalex.org/W3005187449","https://openalex.org/W3008491114","https://openalex.org/W3026434542","https://openalex.org/W3201523465","https://openalex.org/W4212800001","https://openalex.org/W4232962734","https://openalex.org/W4235184194","https://openalex.org/W4254691308","https://openalex.org/W4376537616","https://openalex.org/W6658959456"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2160765347","https://openalex.org/W2372410743","https://openalex.org/W2064378805","https://openalex.org/W2505444316","https://openalex.org/W1920256783","https://openalex.org/W2367316285","https://openalex.org/W2386133149","https://openalex.org/W2371482553","https://openalex.org/W2742441410","https://openalex.org/W2370448681"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Designing":[1],"software":[2],"that":[3,152],"meets":[4],"the":[5,25,31,43,60,71,84,88,95,102,109,131,160,164,181,186,192,220],"stringent":[6],"requirements":[7],"of":[8,27,45,57,87,104,111,194],"functional":[9,32,132,168],"safety":[10,28,49,105,175,195],"standards":[11],"imposes":[12],"a":[13,36,115,126,167],"significant":[14,78],"development":[15,61],"effort":[16,79],"compared":[17],"to":[18,34,143,170],"conventional":[19],"software.":[20,89],"A":[21],"key":[22],"aspect":[23],"is":[24,208],"integration":[26],"mechanisms":[29,50,106,119,176],"into":[30,70,147],"design":[33,133,169],"ensure":[35],"safe":[37],"state":[38],"during":[39,59],"operation":[40],"even":[41],"in":[42,114,166,197],"event":[44],"hardware":[46],"errors.":[47],"These":[48],"can":[51,153,162],"be":[52,144],"applied":[53],"at":[54],"different":[55,155,178,198,203,217],"levels":[56],"abstraction":[58],"process":[62],"and":[63,67,150,172],"are":[64,120],"usually":[65],"implemented":[66],"integrated":[68,146],"manually":[69],"design.":[72],"This":[73,188],"does":[74,81],"not":[75,190],"only":[76,191],"cause":[77],"but":[80,200],"also":[82,201],"reduce":[83],"overall":[85],"maintainability":[86],"To":[90],"mitigate":[91],"this,":[92],"we":[93],"present":[94],"Universal":[96],"Safety":[97,118],"Format":[98],"(USF),":[99],"which":[100],"enables":[101,189],"generation":[103],"based":[107],"on":[108],"separation":[110],"concerns":[112],"principle":[113],"model-driven":[116],"approach.":[117],"described":[121],"as":[122,214,216],"generic":[123],"patterns":[124,165,196],"using":[125,180],"transformation":[127,182],"language":[128],"independent":[129],"from":[130],"or":[134],"any":[135],"particular":[136],"programming":[137,156,204],"language.":[138],"The":[139,206],"USF":[140,161],"was":[141],"designed":[142],"easily":[145],"existing":[148],"tools":[149,218],"workflows":[151],"support":[154],"languages.":[157,205],"Tools":[158],"supporting":[159,219],"utilize":[163],"generate":[171],"integrate":[173],"specific":[174],"for":[177],"languages":[179],"rules":[183],"contained":[184],"within":[185],"patterns.":[187],"reuse":[193],"designs,":[199],"across":[202],"approach":[207],"demonstrated":[209],"with":[210],"an":[211],"automotive":[212],"use-case":[213],"well":[215],"USF.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}