{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3172070339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-021-00727-0","title":"Sea State Estimation from Uncalibrated, Monoscopic Video","display_name":"Sea State Estimation from Uncalibrated, Monoscopic Video","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3172070339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-021-00727-0","mag":"3172070339"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-021-00727-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-021-00727-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-021-00727-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-021-00727-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083879464","display_name":"Antonis Loizou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8447-4120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Antonis Loizou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Streatham campus, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RN, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8447-4120","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Streatham campus, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RN, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086504077","display_name":"Jacqueline Christmas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8431-7595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacqueline Christmas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Streatham campus, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RN, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Streatham campus, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RN, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083879464"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.6397,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65641455,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.7152938842773438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buoy","display_name":"Buoy","score":0.7044955492019653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.5793755054473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5607643127441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.5164496898651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-state","display_name":"Sea state","score":0.5127328634262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.46961623430252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.4628085196018219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-mean-square","display_name":"Root mean square","score":0.45328572392463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.45192572474479675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3722047805786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3399076461791992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.28946781158447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2845041751861572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.23819908499717712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.1685449182987213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1682453751564026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14242443442344666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.7152938842773438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779847632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30026","display_name":"Buoy","level":2,"score":0.7044955492019653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.5793755054473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5607643127441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.5164496898651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781147146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569795","display_name":"Sea state","level":2,"score":0.5127328634262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.46961623430252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.4628085196018219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71907059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223323","display_name":"Root mean square","level":2,"score":0.45328572392463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.45192572474479675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3722047805786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3399076461791992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.28946781158447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2845041751861572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.23819908499717712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1685449182987213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1682453751564026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14242443442344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-021-00727-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-021-00727-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-021-00727-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/29779862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Sea_State_Estimation_from_Uncalibrated_Monoscopic_Video/29779862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ore.exeter.ac.uk:10871/125970","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10871/125970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401998","display_name":"Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","host_organization_name":"University of Exeter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-021-00727-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-021-00727-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-021-00727-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3172070339.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3172070339.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W212983895","https://openalex.org/W292375506","https://openalex.org/W1509486062","https://openalex.org/W1551890284","https://openalex.org/W1556940451","https://openalex.org/W1995065927","https://openalex.org/W1998266372","https://openalex.org/W2003475651","https://openalex.org/W2050045859","https://openalex.org/W2062793371","https://openalex.org/W2075828063","https://openalex.org/W2079961764","https://openalex.org/W2093600400","https://openalex.org/W2094773953","https://openalex.org/W2116263569","https://openalex.org/W2135479785","https://openalex.org/W2136889516","https://openalex.org/W2163566696","https://openalex.org/W2331231568","https://openalex.org/W2576927681","https://openalex.org/W2800793838","https://openalex.org/W2901211118","https://openalex.org/W2919173667","https://openalex.org/W2961940563","https://openalex.org/W2996899119","https://openalex.org/W3040853709","https://openalex.org/W4252713891"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2901211118","https://openalex.org/W2100190569","https://openalex.org/W3099668580","https://openalex.org/W1977166576","https://openalex.org/W4297064934","https://openalex.org/W3089016287","https://openalex.org/W2014705030","https://openalex.org/W2423379722","https://openalex.org/W1981013915","https://openalex.org/W3199765036"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Video":[1],"of":[2,18,60,64,86,117,126],"the":[3,13,31,35,42,58,65,74,100,113],"ocean":[4],"surface":[5],"is":[6,49,71,122],"used":[7,97],"as":[8,24],"a":[9,27],"means":[10],"for":[11,40,51,98],"estimating":[12,41],"sea":[14],"state.":[15,102],"Time":[16],"series":[17],"pixel":[19],"intensity":[20],"values":[21,107],"are":[22,81,95],"given":[23],"input":[25],"to":[26,55],"method":[28,48],"that":[29],"uses":[30],"Kalman":[32],"filter":[33],"and":[34,89,110,125],"least":[36],"squares":[37],"approximate":[38],"solution":[39],"uncalibrated":[43],"video":[44,76,87],"amplitude":[45,77],"spectrum.":[46,78],"A":[47],"proposed":[50],"scaling":[52],"this":[53],"spectrum":[54],"metres":[56],"with":[57],"use":[59],"an":[61],"empirical":[62],"model":[63],"ocean.":[66],"The":[67,79],"significant":[68,104],"wave":[69,105],"height":[70,106],"estimated":[72],"from":[73],"calibrated":[75],"results":[80],"tested":[82],"against":[83],"two":[84],"sets":[85],"data,":[88],"buoy":[90],"measurements":[91],"in":[92],"both":[93],"cases":[94],"solely":[96],"indicating":[99],"true":[101],"For":[103],"between":[108],"0.5":[109],"3.6":[111],"m,":[112],"maximum":[114],"observed":[115],"value":[116],"root":[118],"mean":[119,127],"square":[120],"error":[121,130],"0.37":[123],"m":[124],"absolute":[128],"percentage":[129],"16%.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
