{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3120018375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-00418-2","title":"Detecting Anomaly and Its Sources in Activities of Daily Living","display_name":"Detecting Anomaly and Its Sources in Activities of Daily Living","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3120018375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-00418-2","mag":"3120018375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-020-00418-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-00418-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-020-00418-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-020-00418-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022443457","display_name":"Salisu Wada Yahaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0394-6112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Salisu Wada Yahaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006193695","display_name":"Ahmad Lotfi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5139-6565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Lotfi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK","Technology Development Fund and Nottingham Trent University","Department of Computer Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology Development Fund and Nottingham Trent University","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027525633","display_name":"Mufti Mahmud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2037-8348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mufti Mahmud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022443457"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":3.4998,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93581133,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7648525238037109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.7037087678909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.6817211508750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.5857533812522888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5802558660507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.5402374863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5105265378952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.49595603346824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.4797043204307556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.47127339243888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.45223045349121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43588322401046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.42562180757522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3484365940093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2929849326610565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2835819721221924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7648525238037109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.7037087678909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6817211508750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.5857533812522888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5802558660507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.5402374863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5105265378952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.49595603346824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.4797043204307556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.47127339243888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.45223045349121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43588322401046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.42562180757522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3484365940093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2929849326610565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2835819721221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-020-00418-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-00418-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-020-00418-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:irep.ntu.ac.uk:41986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/41986/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400559","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","host_organization_name":"Nottingham Trent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-020-00418-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-00418-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-020-00418-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3120018375.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3120018375.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1216994091","https://openalex.org/W1517879342","https://openalex.org/W1540959951","https://openalex.org/W1936527623","https://openalex.org/W1969069964","https://openalex.org/W1983899894","https://openalex.org/W1986847617","https://openalex.org/W1989927196","https://openalex.org/W1995443851","https://openalex.org/W2003307570","https://openalex.org/W2015200434","https://openalex.org/W2046862111","https://openalex.org/W2061145149","https://openalex.org/W2083561884","https://openalex.org/W2093859880","https://openalex.org/W2115627867","https://openalex.org/W2132870739","https://openalex.org/W2144182447","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2185125590","https://openalex.org/W2267337814","https://openalex.org/W2294589436","https://openalex.org/W2297086838","https://openalex.org/W2342792048","https://openalex.org/W2409233683","https://openalex.org/W2462442000","https://openalex.org/W2497695736","https://openalex.org/W2502701782","https://openalex.org/W2510620627","https://openalex.org/W2564975654","https://openalex.org/W2734548032","https://openalex.org/W2740802195","https://openalex.org/W2755093579","https://openalex.org/W2766555361","https://openalex.org/W2774124864","https://openalex.org/W2791951661","https://openalex.org/W2793059714","https://openalex.org/W2810695483","https://openalex.org/W2886479392","https://openalex.org/W2914884512","https://openalex.org/W2937543990","https://openalex.org/W2959807905","https://openalex.org/W2970740670","https://openalex.org/W2975380801","https://openalex.org/W2987836383","https://openalex.org/W3004834163","https://openalex.org/W3019075546","https://openalex.org/W3025863361","https://openalex.org/W3038116466","https://openalex.org/W3045657706","https://openalex.org/W3100054152","https://openalex.org/W4238085887"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2499612753","https://openalex.org/W3111802945","https://openalex.org/W2806741695","https://openalex.org/W2946096271","https://openalex.org/W2295423552","https://openalex.org/W3107369729","https://openalex.org/W4290647774","https://openalex.org/W3189286258","https://openalex.org/W3207797160","https://openalex.org/W3210364259"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"To":[1],"support":[2,116],"the":[3,8,13,27,39,42,46,64,81,86,103,131,152,164,168,171,192,203,206],"independent":[4],"living":[5,73,199],"and":[6,23,124,181],"improve":[7],"quality":[9],"of":[10,41,48,66,71,90,114,137,154,167,170,191,197,205],"life":[11],"for":[12,18,62,130,145,162,209],"increasing":[14],"ageing":[15],"population,":[16],"system":[17],"monitoring":[19,50,214],"their":[20],"daily":[21,72,198],"routine":[22,28,89],"detecting":[24],"anomalies":[25],"in":[26,68,211],"is":[29,74,128,149],"required.":[30],"Existing":[31],"anomaly":[32,132,147],"detection":[33,133],"systems":[34,51],"are":[35,77,105,187],"unable":[36],"to":[37,93],"identify":[38],"sources":[40,65,148],"abnormalities,":[43],"thereby":[44],"hindering":[45],"development":[47],"adaptive":[49],"with":[52],"reduced":[53],"false":[54],"prediction":[55],"rate.":[56],"In":[57],"this":[58],"paper,":[59],"an":[60,91,135,212],"approach":[61,144,194,208],"identifying":[63,146],"abnormalities":[67],"human":[69],"activities":[70,100,196],"proposed.":[75,188],"Anomalies":[76],"detected":[78],"by":[79],"modelling":[80],"existing":[82],"activity":[83,172],"data":[84,173],"representing":[85],"usual":[87],"behavioural":[88],"individual":[92],"serve":[94],"as":[95,108,175],"a":[96],"baseline":[97,104],"model.":[98],"Subsequent":[99],"deviating":[101],"from":[102],"then":[106],"classified":[107],"outliers":[109],"or":[110],"anomalies.":[111],"An":[112],"ensemble":[113],"one-class":[115],"vector":[117],"machine,":[118],"isolation":[119],"forest,":[120],"robust":[121],"covariance":[122],"estimator":[123],"local":[125],"outlier":[126],"factor":[127],"utilised":[129],"achieving":[134],"accuracy":[136],"$$98\\%$$":[138],"<mml:math":[139],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>98</mml:mn><mml:mo>%</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math>":[140],".":[141],"The":[142],"proposed":[143,193,207],"based":[150],"on":[151,195],"concept":[153],"similarity":[155,179,185],"measure":[156,180,186],"using":[157],"distance":[158,166],"functions.":[159],"Two":[160],"methods":[161],"measuring":[163],"pairwise":[165],"features":[169],"termed":[174],"one":[176,178,182],"vs":[177,183],"all":[184],"Experimental":[189],"evaluation":[190],"datasets":[200],"has":[201],"shown":[202],"credibility":[204],"utilisation":[210],"in-home":[213],"system.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-03-26T15:22:09.906841","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}