{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3112832220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-00406-6","title":"The Risk of Generating Technical Debt Interest: A Case Study","display_name":"The Risk of Generating Technical Debt Interest: A Case Study","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3112832220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-00406-6","mag":"3112832220"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-020-00406-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-00406-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-020-00406-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-020-00406-6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066086720","display_name":"\u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0394\u03af\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0590-5477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Digkas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057023981","display_name":"Apostolos Ampatzoglou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5764-7302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192756129","display_name":"University of Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/05fg6gr82","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192756129"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Apostolos Ampatzoglou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Informatics, University of Macedonia, Macedonia, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Informatics, University of Macedonia, Macedonia, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192756129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005131176","display_name":"Alexander Chatzigeorgiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5381-8418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192756129","display_name":"University of Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/05fg6gr82","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192756129"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Chatzigeorgiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Informatics, University of Macedonia, Macedonia, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Informatics, University of Macedonia, Macedonia, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192756129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083888080","display_name":"Paris Avgeriou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7101-0754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paris Avgeriou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071251605","display_name":"Oliviu Matei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0319-8318"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oliviu Matei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Holisun SRL, Baia Mare, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Holisun SRL, Baia Mare, Romania","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048046336","display_name":"Robert Heb","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Heb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Holisun SRL, Baia Mare, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Holisun SRL, Baia Mare, Romania","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005131176","https://openalex.org/A5048046336","https://openalex.org/A5057023981","https://openalex.org/A5066086720","https://openalex.org/A5071251605","https://openalex.org/A5083888080"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384","https://openalex.org/I192756129"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":1.1497,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77772973,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14306","display_name":"Technology Assessment and Management","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14306","display_name":"Technology Assessment and Management","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.8120505809783936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-debt","display_name":"Technical debt","score":0.7037403583526611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5682337880134583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.560218334197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.4864906668663025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interest-rate","display_name":"Interest rate","score":0.4787539839744568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debt","display_name":"Debt","score":0.4644714891910553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-management","display_name":"Risk management","score":0.41939088702201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.25258761644363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.19564732909202576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.1759016513824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.15161705017089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.10494565963745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.1040244996547699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.07014352083206177}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.8120505809783936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159198006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532172","display_name":"Technical debt","level":4,"score":0.7037403583526611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5682337880134583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.560218334197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4864906668663025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175025494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179179","display_name":"Interest rate","level":2,"score":0.4787539839744568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.4644714891910553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.41939088702201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.25258761644363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.19564732909202576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.1759016513824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.15161705017089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.10494565963745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.1040244996547699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07014352083206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-020-00406-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-00406-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-020-00406-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire/be6ec7af-d571-4334-96fc-3cc2de56df02","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/be6ec7af-d571-4334-96fc-3cc2de56df02","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digkas, G, Ampatzoglou, A, Chatzigeorgiou, A, Avgeriou, P, Matei, O & Heb, R 2021, 'The Risk of Generating Technical Debt Interest : A Case Study', SN Computer Science, vol. 2, no. 1, 12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-00406-6","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:4454560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/4454560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42979-020-00406-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-00406-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42979-020-00406-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174798","display_name":"SN Computer Science","issn_l":"2661-8907","issn":["2661-8907","2662-995X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SN Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4937468798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5489403353","display_name":"Software Development toolKit for Energy optimization and technical Debt elimination","funder_award_id":"780572","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6591872826","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"780572","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320933","display_name":"Rijksuniversiteit Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3112832220.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3112832220.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140915724","https://openalex.org/W1517055698","https://openalex.org/W1826514372","https://openalex.org/W1833911422","https://openalex.org/W1968024235","https://openalex.org/W1991650436","https://openalex.org/W2028836139","https://openalex.org/W2072101068","https://openalex.org/W2081917329","https://openalex.org/W2088339550","https://openalex.org/W2107401338","https://openalex.org/W2117539536","https://openalex.org/W2140060749","https://openalex.org/W2162451880","https://openalex.org/W2202602917","https://openalex.org/W2216905672","https://openalex.org/W2397351127","https://openalex.org/W2622250949","https://openalex.org/W2749730959","https://openalex.org/W2799896739","https://openalex.org/W2807740929","https://openalex.org/W2884058242","https://openalex.org/W2884383450","https://openalex.org/W2895385416","https://openalex.org/W2897267813","https://openalex.org/W2935912519","https://openalex.org/W2978176973","https://openalex.org/W2998678832","https://openalex.org/W3082245347","https://openalex.org/W3088998513","https://openalex.org/W3094120457","https://openalex.org/W3142487386","https://openalex.org/W3145100113","https://openalex.org/W3146212093","https://openalex.org/W3149778010","https://openalex.org/W4229635402","https://openalex.org/W4233152543"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060038150","https://openalex.org/W2031271477","https://openalex.org/W1840755814","https://openalex.org/W3032002352","https://openalex.org/W3133010148","https://openalex.org/W3130266246","https://openalex.org/W2739113232","https://openalex.org/W1985040977","https://openalex.org/W4234730551","https://openalex.org/W3112832220"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Technical":[1],"Debt":[2],"(TD)":[3],"interest":[4,26,35,45,59,104],"refers":[5],"to":[6,67,89,146],"the":[7,13,37,47,56,83,101,109,114,129,136],"extra":[8],"maintenance":[9],"costs":[10],"incurred":[11],"by":[12],"very":[14],"existence":[15],"of":[16,24,39,58,103,108,121],"TD":[17,25,40,91,124],"items":[18],"in":[19,76,135],"a":[20,31,61,65],"system.":[21],"The":[22,106],"generation":[23,57],"can":[27,85],"make":[28],"or":[29],"break":[30],"system:":[32],"too":[33,43],"little":[34],"and":[36,46,63,126],"effect":[38],"is":[41,119,133,138],"negligible;":[42],"much":[44],"system":[48,137],"becomes":[49],"unsustainable.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52,69,74],"paper,":[53],"we":[54,72,80,94],"consider":[55],"as":[60],"risk":[62,102,116],"present":[64],"metric":[66,75,84,118],"quantify":[68],"risk.":[70],"Subsequently,":[71],"validate":[73],"two":[77],"ways.":[78],"First,":[79],"explore":[81],"whether":[82],"be":[86],"effectively":[87],"used":[88],"prioritize":[90],"remediation.":[92],"Second,":[93],"investigate":[95],"if":[96],"adding":[97],"new":[98,130],"code":[99,131],"reduces":[100],"generation.":[105],"results":[107],"study":[110],"suggest":[111],"that:":[112],"(a)":[113],"proposed":[115],"management":[117],"capable":[120],"efficiently":[122],"prioritizing":[123],"items;":[125],"(b)":[127],"that":[128,132],"introduced":[134],"usually":[139],"less":[140],"risky":[141],"for":[142],"producing":[143],"interest,":[144],"compared":[145],"legacy":[147],"code.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}